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Captain (cricket)








Captain (cricket)


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Graeme Smith holds the record for most Test matches as captain, as well as most Test wins. He led South Africa from 2003 to 2014.[1]


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Some countries opt for a split captaincy, with different captains for different formats to manage workload. Shakib Al Hasan (left) captains Bangladesh in Tests and T20Is, and Mashrafe Mortaza (right) leads the team in ODIs.


The captain of a cricket team, often referred to as the skipper,[2] is the appointed leader, having several additional roles and responsibilities over and above those of the other players. As in other sports, the captain is usually experienced and has good communication skills, and is likely to be one of the most regular members of the team, as the captain often has a say in team selection. Before the game the captains toss for innings. During the match the captain decides the team's batting order, who will bowl each over, and where each fielder will be positioned. While the captain has the final say, decisions are often collaborative. A captain's knowledge of the complexities of cricket strategy and tactics, and shrewdness in the field, may contribute significantly to the team's success.


Due to the smaller coaching/management role played out by support staff, as well as the need for greater on-field decision-making, the captain of a cricket team typically shoulders more responsibility for results than team captains in other sports.[3]




Contents





  • 1 Captain's responsibilities

    • 1.1 During a match

      • 1.1.1 The toss


      • 1.1.2 Fielding positions


      • 1.1.3 Bowling


      • 1.1.4 Batting order


      • 1.1.5 Declarations


      • 1.1.6 Follow-on


      • 1.1.7 Miscellaneous



    • 1.2 Other duties



  • 2 Vice-captain


  • 3 Current International captains

    • 3.1 ICC Full Members


    • 3.2 Associate Members



  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links




Captain's responsibilities[edit]



During a match[edit]



The toss[edit]


Before the start of a match the home captain tosses a coin and the away captain calls heads or tails. The captain who wins the toss is given the choice of whether to bat or bowl first.[3] The decision usually depends on the condition of the pitch and whether it is likely to deteriorate, the weather conditions and the weather forecast.


The decision also depends on the relative strengths of the team's batting and bowling. For instance in Test Cricket, a side with only fast bowlers may choose to bowl first to try to take advantage of any early moisture in the pitch, knowing that it will be harder to take wickets later in the match. Similarly a side with a weak opening batting pair may choose to bowl first in order to protect their batsmen.[4]



Fielding positions[edit]


The captain decides where the fielders will stand, in consultation with the bowler and sometimes other senior players. The fielding positions will usually be dictated by the type of bowler, the batsman's batting style, and the captain's assessment of the state of the match (and hence whether to set an attacking or a defensive field).[3]



Bowling[edit]


The captain decides when each bowler will bowl. If a batsman is seeking to dominate the current bowler, the captain may ask someone else to bowl; alternatively, keeping the bowler on may be deemed the best chance of getting the batsman out or restricting the scoring rate. If the regular bowlers are not achieving the desired results, the captain may decide to use non-regular bowlers to attempt to unsettle the batsmen. The captain may also change the bowlers around to introduce variation, and to prevent the batsmen getting "set".[3]


In limited overs cricket the captain additionally has to make certain that bowlers bowl no more than their allotted maximum number of overs, and that experienced bowlers are available at the end of the batting side's innings, when the batsmen are usually looking to take risks to attack and score quickly.[3]


In the longer forms of cricket, when a new ball becomes available the captain decides whether to use it.[3]



Batting order[edit]



When the team bats, the captain decides the batting order. In professional cricket the captain usually changes the established batting order only for exceptional reasons, because batsmen tend to specialise in batting at certain positions. However, in certain circumstances it may be in the team's interest to change the batting order. If quick runs are needed, a naturally attacking batsman may be promoted up the order. A player who is 'in form' may be promoted to a higher batting position, at the expense of a player who is 'out of form'.[3]


If a wicket falls near the end of a day's play, especially if the light is failing, or if the bowlers seem particularly confident, the captain may choose to send in a non-specialist batsman, referred to as a nightwatchman. If the nightwatchman does not get out before the end of that day's play then the specialist batsman will have been protected, and will not need to bat until the following day when conditions are likely to have improved. If the nightwatchman does get out, the cost of losing a late wicket will have been minimised, because the specialist batsman is still available to bat.[3]



Declarations[edit]


The captain may declare the team's innings closed at any time, but usually only does so as an attacking ploy, for instance if the captain thinks the team has enough runs to win the match, or if a sudden change in conditions has made it advantageous to bowl rather than bat.[3]



Follow-on[edit]


In a two-innings match, if the situation arises the captain decides whether to impose the follow-on.[3]



Miscellaneous[edit]


The captain is also consulted on whether an injured batsman from the opposing team may use a runner when batting. Permission is usually given if the batsman has become injured during the course of the match, but if the batsman was carrying the injury at the start of the match then the captain may refuse. (As from 2012 runners are not allowed in test cricket and injured batsmen are required to continue batting with the injury or retire hurt.)[5]



Other duties[edit]


As well as decisions taken either immediately before or during a match, captains also often have some responsibility for the good running of the cricket club. For instance, they may decide when the team is to practise, and for how long. In professional cricket the captain often has some say in who will form the squad from which teams are selected, and may also decide how young up-and-coming players are to be encouraged and improved, and how members of the squad who are not regularly selected for first-team matches are to gain match practice.[3]


Prior to July 2015, the captain was responsible for deciding when to take batting and bowling powerplays in limited overs matches.[6]



Vice-captain[edit]




Vice-captains are sometimes considered the full-time successor to the incumbent captain. Michael Clarke was Australia's vice-captain for three years before succeeding Ricky Ponting as captain in 2011.[7]


The captain may be assisted by a vice-captain. This is particularly useful if the captain is forced to leave the field of play during fielding. Some teams also allocate the vice-captain a more or less formal role in assisting with team selection, discipline, field-setting and so on. Sometimes the role of vice-captain is seen as preparation for the player becoming the captain of the side in future.[8]



Current International captains[edit]





ICC Full Members[edit]






















































































Nation

Format
Captain
Vice-Captain

 Afghanistan

Test

Asghar Stanikzai

Rashid Khan

ODI

T20I

 Australia
Test

Tim Paine

Pat Cummins
ODI

Aaron Finch
T20I

Aaron Finch

Alex Carey

 Bangladesh
Test

Shakib Al Hasan

Mahmudullah
ODI

Mashrafe Mortaza

Shakib Al Hasan
T20I

Shakib Al Hasan

Tamim Iqbal

 England
Test

Joe Root

Jos Buttler
ODI

Eoin Morgan
T20I

 India
Test

Virat Kohli

Ajinkya Rahane
ODI

Rohit Sharma
T20I

 Ireland
Test

William Porterfield

Kevin O'Brien
ODI
T20I

Gary Wilson

 New Zealand
Test

Kane Williamson

Tim Southee
ODI
T20I

 Pakistan
Test

Sarfraz Ahmed

Asad Shafiq
ODI

Shoaib Malik
T20I

 South Africa
Test

Faf du Plessis

Dean Elgar
ODI

Quinton de Kock
T20I

JP Duminy

 Sri Lanka
Test

Dinesh Chandimal

Suranga Lakmal
ODI

Angelo Mathews
Dinesh Chandimal
T20I

 West Indies
Test

Jason Holder

Kraigg Brathwaite
ODI

Jason Mohammed
T20I

Carlos Brathwaite

 Zimbabwe
Test

Hamilton Masakadza

Craig Ervine
ODI
T20I

Malcolm Waller


Associate Members[edit]























































































































Nation
Captain
Vice-Captain

 Argentina

Billy MacDermott


 Belgium

Brighton Watambwa


 Bermuda

Janeiro Tucker


 Botswana

Karabo Modise


 Canada

Nitish Kumar


 Cayman Islands

Ronald Ebanks


 China

Jiang Shuyao


 Denmark

Michael Pedersen

Thomas Hansen

 Fiji

Jone Seuvou


 France

Arun Ayyavooraju


 Germany

Asif Khan


 Gibraltar

Iain Latin


 Guernsey

Jamie Nussbaumer


 Hong Kong

Jamie Atkinson

Waqas Barkat

 Israel

Herschel Gutman


 Italy

Damian Crowley

Gayashan Munasinghe

 Japan

Tatsuro Chino


 Jersey

Peter Gough


 Kenya

Rakep Patel


 Kuwait

Hisham Mirza

Abdullah Akhunzada

 Malaysia

Ahmed Faiz

Shafiq Sharif

 Namibia

Nicolaas Scholtz


   Nepal

Paras Khadka

Gyanendra Malla

 Netherlands

Peter Borren

Michael Swart

 Nigeria

Kunle Adegbola

Dotun Olatunji

 Papua New Guinea

Chris Amini


 Scotland

Kyle Coetzer


 Oman

Sultan Ahmed


 South Korea

Kyungsik Kim


 Singapore

Saad Janjua

Chetan Suryawanshi

 Suriname

Shazam Ramjohn


 Tanzania

Hamisi Abdallah


 Thailand

Ryan Raina


 Uganda

Frank Nsubuga


 United Arab Emirates

Mohammad Tauqir

Amjad Ali

 United States

Neil McGarrell

Timroy Allen

 Vanuatu

Andrew Mansale


 Zambia

Sarfraz Patel

Imran Patel


See also[edit]



  • The Art of Captaincy, a 1985 book by former England captain Mike Brearley


References[edit]




  1. ^ "Records / Test matches / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) / Most matches as captain". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 18 January 2016. 


  2. ^ "skipper Definitions". Wordnik. Retrieved 31 January 2015. 


  3. ^ abcdefghijk "The Role of the Captain". DangerMouse. Retrieved 31 January 2015. 


  4. ^ "Numbers Suggest the Toss Has Never Been More Important in Test Cricket". Bleacher Report. 22 February 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2015. 


  5. ^ "Runners abolished, ODI and run-out laws tweaked". ESPN Cricinfo. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2015. 


  6. ^ Gollapudi, Nagraj (26 June 2015). "Bowlers benefit from ODI rule changes". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 7 February 2015. 


  7. ^ Brettig, Daniel (8 August 2015). "Clarke announces retirement after Ashes". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 January 2016. 


  8. ^ "Enfield Cricket Club – Captains & Player Responsibilities". Enfield Cricket Club. Archived from the original on 1 February 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2015. 




External links[edit]









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