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Médaille militaire








Médaille militaire


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Médaille militaire

Medaille Militaire 5e Republique France.jpg
Badge of the Médaille Militaire (obverse)


Awarded by Flag of France.svg France

Type
Military decoration
Eligibility
Privates, NCOs, Commanders-in-chief generals and admirals
Awarded for
Valour in combat or long service
Status
Currently awarded
Statistics
Established
January 22, 1852
Precedence
Next (higher)
Order of Liberation
Next (lower)
National Order of Merit

Medaille militaire ribbon.svg
Ribbon of the Military Medal

The Médaille militaire (English: Military Medal) is a military decoration of the French Republic for other ranks for meritorious service and acts of bravery in action against an enemy force. It is the third highest award of the French Republic, after the Légion d'honneur, a civil and military order, and the ordre de la Libération, a second world war-only order. The Médaille militaire is therefore the most senior entirely military active French decoration.


During World War One, 230 000 médailles were awarded,[1] when 1 400 000 French Army soldiers were killed and 3 000 000 wounded. For comparison, the UK Military Medal was awarded on 115 000 occasions in World War One, when 673 375 British Army soldiers were killed and 1 643 469 wounded.


The award was first established in 1852 by the first President of the French Republic, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte who may have taken his inspiration from a medal established and awarded by his father, Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland.


After the First World War, the Military Medal was also temporarily awarded for wounds received in combat.[2]




Contents





  • 1 Statute


  • 2 Award description


  • 3 Recipients


  • 4 Unit award


  • 5 Notable French and foreign recipients (partial list)

    • 5.1 Recent Recipients for Valour



  • 6 See also


  • 7 References


  • 8 External links




Statute[edit]


Like many other French awards, the médaille can be awarded for different reasons. It can be awarded to foreign nationals serving with or alongside the French armed forces.[2]


  • To members of the military other than commissioned officers (including enlisted ranks, non-commissioned officers and aspirants or Officer Designate).[2]
    • As an award for valour, it is the second highest award ranking immediately after the Légion d'honneur.

    • As an in between medal for enlisted members, NCO and O(D) awarded the Légion d'honneur for "combat actions", nowadays mostly done posthumously.

    • As a service medal, for long-serving NCOs.


  • To generals and admirals who have been commanders-in-chief, as a supreme award for leadership. These general officers must already have been awarded the grand cross of the Légion d'honneur.[2]


Award description[edit]


The Médaille militaire is a silver laurel wreath, 28 mm (1.1 in) in diameter, wrapped around a central gold medallion bearing the left profile of Marianne, effigy of the French Republic, the original 2nd Empire variant bore the left profile of Emperor Napoleon III. The central gold medallion is surrounded by a blue enamelled ring bearing the gilt inscription "RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE" (English: "FRENCH REPUBLIC") with a small gilt five-pointed star at the bottom for a 4th Republic award, three stars for a 5th Republic variant, the 3rd Republic variant bore the date 1870, the 2nd Empire variant bore the gilt inscription "LOUIS-NAPOLEON" in lieu of "RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE" and had flowers on both sides of the small star at the bottom. The original variant was topped by a silver imperial eagle with a loop through which the suspension ring passed, all other variants were and are topped by a device composed of a breastplate superimposed over crossed cannons, a naval anchor, sabres, swords and battle axes, to which the suspension ring passes through a loop for attachment to a ribbon. The reverse of the medallion is common to all variants since inception of the award, it bears the relief inscription on three lines "VALEUR ET DISPLINE" (English: "VALOUR AND DISCIPLINE") and is surrounded by a blue enamelled ring.[2]


The ribbon of the Médaille militaire is 37 mm (1.5 in) wide, yellow in color with 6 mm-wide (0.24 in) green stripes on each edge. This ribbon was borrowed from the Order of the Iron Crown which it effectively replaced in France.













2nd Empire
1852–1870


3rd Republic
1870–1940


4th Republic
1946–1958


5th Republic
1958–present


Reverse common
to all variants


Medaille Militaire 2e Empire France.jpg

Medaille Militaire 3e Republique France.jpg

Medaille Militaire 4e Republique France.jpg

Medaille Militaire 5e Republique France.jpg

Medaille Militaire 3e Republique France REVERS.jpg


Recipients[edit]




Field Marshal Montgomery, a recipient of the Médaille militaire




WW1 African American fighter pilot Eugene Bullard, a recipient of the Médaille militaire




Marshal of France, Great Britain and Poland, Ferdinand Foch, a recipient of the Médaille militaire


The Médaille militaire was awarded in some number to British and allied forces (allies of the French Empire) during the Crimean War of 1854-56 and in reasonably large numbers to allied forces in the 1914-18 war. During the Second World War, the Médaille reached its highest numbers of foreign bestowals, most often to members of the British Army as well as to the United States military. The general's médaille was awarded to Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Josip Broz Tito, as supreme commanders of the UK, US and Yugoslav military forces, but to also effective military leaders, such as General of the Army Dwight Eisenhower, and to Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope.



Unit award[edit]


In addition to the individual medal, the Médaille militaire is also authorized as a unit award to those military commands who display the same criteria of bravery as would be required for the individual medal. The médaille is displayed on the flag of these units. It is one of the rarest unit awards in the French military.[2]


This unit award should not be confused with the fourragère de la médaille militaire, which is a cord suspended from the shoulder of a military uniform worn by members of units which had been mentioned in despatches. A fourragère aux couleurs du ruban de la médaille militaire (fourragère in the colours of the ribbon of the médaille militaire) is worn by units which had been mentioned four times, a fourragère aux couleurs de la légion d'honneur et de la médaille militaire (fourragère in the colours of the ribbons of the légion d'honneur and the médaille militaire) for units mentioned twelve times. Ten American units can wear the fourragère de la médaille militaire.



Notable French and foreign recipients (partial list)[edit]


The individuals listed below were recipients of the "Médaille Militaire:[3]




  • Private John Alexander VC  United Kingdom


  • Nurse and resistance fighter Berty Albrecht (posthumous)

  • Marshal of France (1864) François Achille Bazaine


  • World War 1 pilot Arthur Bluethenthal[4][5] United States (posthumous)


  • World War 1 African American fighter pilot Eugene Jacques Bullard  United States

  • Sergeant Louis-Ferdinand Céline

  • Sergeant Eugène Chavant

  • Marshal of France, Great Britain and Poland, Ferdinand Foch


  • Prime Minister Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill  United Kingdom


  • USMC Sergeant Major Daniel Joseph "Dan" Daly  United States


  • Private Herman Davis  United States


  • First sergeant Samuel "Sam" Dreben  United States


  • President Dwight D. Eisenhower  United States


  • Rene Joyeuse FFL / OSS (Captain) France


  • Corporal François Faber (posthumous)

  • Colonel René Paul Fonck


  • Corporal Edward Foster VC  United Kingdom


  • Russian flying ace Viktor Georgiyevich Fyodorov  Russia

  • Jean Gabin

  • Police prefect Louis Lépine

  • Capitaine Georges Felix Madon

  • World War 2 fighter ace Paul-Joseph de Montgolfier


  • Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein  United Kingdom


  • Norwegian Crown Prince and Chief of Defence Olav V  Norway


  • Corporal Thomas A. Pope [6] United States

  • Father of the French Air Force, General Pierre Auguste Roques


  • President Franklin D. Roosevelt  United States (posthumous)

  • Marshal Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain

  • Master corporal Pierre-Auguste Sarrus

  • Master corporal Pierre Schoendoerffer


  • Partisan leader and Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito  Yugoslavia


  • Susan Travers French Foreign Legion

  • Marthe Cohn



Recent Recipients for Valour[edit]































































































































NameUnitRankDate of effectNotes
Adrien MoulardArmy, Armored CavalryMaster Corporal (brigadier-chef)November 20, 2013WIA
Renan ThierryArmy, Armored CavalryMaster Corporal (brigadier-chef)November 20, 2013WIA
Thomas GuillebautAir ForceMaster Corporal (caporal chef)December 13, 2013KIA
Also knight of the Légion d'honneur
John ConteArmy, Foreign LegionPrivate First Class (soldat de première classe)April 29, 2014[7]WIA
Geraldino HoareaeuArmy, Foreign LegionPrivate First Class (soldat de première classe)April 29, 2014[8]WIA
Marcel KalafutArmy, Foreign Legion
Staff Sergeant (sergent-chef)May 12, 2014KIA
Also knight of the Légion d'honneur
Dejvid NikolicArmy, Foreign LegionMaster Warrant Officer (adjudant-chef)July 17, 2014WIA
Nikolic later died from his wounds and was created knight of the Légion d'honneur
Antoine Le QuinioArmy, Troupes de Marine
Corporal (caporal)July 19, 2014KIA
Also knight of the Légion d'honneur
Nicolas VokaerArmy, Troupes de MarineCorporal (caporal)July 19, 2014KIA
Also knight of the Légion d'honneur
Teiva Li HipArmy, Troupes de MarineCorporal (brigadier)July 28, 2014WIA
Alex TiteArmy, Troupes de MarineMaster Corporal 1st class (caporal-chef de première classe)July 28, 2014WIA
Mickaël GaleranArmy, ArtilleryMaster Corporal (brigadier-chef)October 2, 2014WIA
Thomas DupuyAir ForceWarrant Officer (adjudant)November 3, 2014KIA
Also knight of the Légion d'honneur
Samir BajjaArmed Forces Fuel ServiceWarrant Officer (agent technique en chef)December 3, 2014[9]KIA
Also knight of the Légion d'honneur
François FernandezArmy, Signal CorpsWarrant Officer (adjudant)December 5, 2014[10]WIA
Rémy BoulléAir ForceMaster Corporal (caporal-chef)January 16, 2015[11]WIA
Ludovic SaillyAir ForceWarrant Officer (adjudant)January 30, 2015[12]WIA
Damien LegrandAir ForceStaff Sergeant (sergent-chef)January 30, 2015[12]WIA
Mathieu PauletAir ForceStaff Sergeant (sergent-chef)January 30, 2015[12]WIA
Franck PoirotAir ForceMaster Corporal (caporal-chef)January 30, 2015[12]WIA
Yann PolletArmy, Corps of EngineersStaff Sergeant (sergent-chef)March 13, 2015[13]WIA
Aurélie SalelArmy, Corps of EngineersSergeant (sergent)March 18, 2015[14]WIA
Later died from her wounds and made Knight of the Légion d'honneur[15]
Florian DumontArmy, Corps of EngineersMaster Corporal (caporal-chef)May 4, 2015[16]WIA
Later died from his wounds and made Knight of the Légion d'honneur[17]
Nicolas CaronArmyStaff Sergeant (sergent-chef)October 16, 2015[18]WIA


See also[edit]




  • Ribbons of the French military and civil awards


References[edit]




  1. ^ historique de la société d'entraide des médaillés militaires (in French)


  2. ^ abcdef Battini, Jean; Zaniewicki, Witold (2003). Guide pratique des décorations françaises actuelles. Paris: LAVAUZELLE. pp. 51–58. ISBN 2-7025-1030-2..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ Category:Recipients of the Médaille Militaire


  4. ^ "Bluethenthal, Arthur "Bluey"". Jewsinsports.org. Retrieved December 22, 2010.


  5. ^ Joseph Siegman (2000). Jewish sports legends: the International Jewish Hall of Fame. Brassey's. ISBN 1-57488-284-8. Retrieved December 22, 2010.


  6. ^ Also awarded the U.S. Medal of Honor, the British Distinguished Conduct Medal, and the Croix de guerre for bravery displayed in Hamel, France.


  7. ^ Décret du 8 février 2016 portant concession de la Médaille militaire


  8. ^ Décret du 8 février 2016 portant concession de la Médaille militaire


  9. ^ Décret du 14 septembre 2015 portant concession de la Médaille militaire


  10. ^ Décret du 14 septembre 2015 portant concession de la Médaille militaire


  11. ^ Décret du 14 septembre 2015 portant concession de la Médaille militaire


  12. ^ abcd Décret du 14 septembre 2015 portant concession de la Médaille militaire


  13. ^ Décret du 14 septembre 2015 portant concession de la Médaille militaire


  14. ^ Décret du 14 septembre 2015 portant concession de la Médaille militaire


  15. ^ Décret du 14 septembre 2015 portant nomination


  16. ^ Décret du 14 septembre 2015 portant concession de la Médaille militaire


  17. ^ Décret du 14 septembre 2015 portant nomination


  18. ^ Décret du 8 février 2016 portant concession de la Médaille militaire




External links[edit]



  • France Phaléristique (in French)








Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Médaille_militaire&oldid=854407127"





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