Udmurtia

Udmurt Republic
; Udmurt Republic; Удмуртская Республика (Russian); Удмурт Республика (Udmurt);
— Republic —
; ; Flag;	; ; Coat of arms;
	; Anthem: National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic; ;
	; Coordinates: 57°17′N 52°45′E / 57.283°N 52.750°E / 57.283; 52.750Coordinates: 57°17′N 52°45′E / 57.283°N 52.750°E / 57.283; 52.750; ;
Political status
Country	; Russia;
Federal district	; Volga
Economic region	; Urals
Established	; December 28, 1934
Capital	; Izhevsk;
Government (as of April 2017)
• Head	; Alexander Brechalov;
• Legislature	; State Council
Statistics
	; Area
• Total	; 42,100 km2 (16,300 sq mi)
	; Population (2010 Census)
• Total	; 1,521,420
• Rank	; 30th;
• Density	; 36.14/km2 (93.6/sq mi)
• Urban	; 69.2%
• Rural	; 30.8%
; Time zone(s)	; SAMT (UTC+04:00)
ISO 3166-2	; RU-UD
License plates	; 18
Official languages	; Russian; Udmurt
	; Official website;

Udmurtia (Russian: Удму́ртия, tr. Udmurtiya, IPA: [ʊˈdmurtʲɪjə]; Udmurt: Удмуртия), or the Udmurt Republic, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) within the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk. Population: 1,521,420 (2010 Census).^[6]

History[edit]

Map of the Udmurt Republic.

On November 4, 1920, the Votyak Autonomous Oblast was formed.^[3] On January 1, 1932, it was renamed Udmurt Autonomous Oblast,^{[citation needed]} which was then reorganized into the Udmurt ASSR on December 28, 1934.^[3] During World War II, many industrial factories were evacuated from Ukraine and western borderlands to Udmurtia.

Geography[edit]

The republic is located to the west of the Ural Mountains and borders Kirov, Perm, Bashkortostan, and Tatarstan.^[11]

Climate[edit]

The republic has a moderate continental climate, with warm summers and cold winters with a lot of snow.^{[citation needed]}

Average temperatures
Month	Average temperature
January	−14.5 °C (5.9 °F)
July	+18.3 °C (64.9 °F)

Average annual precipitation: 400–600 mm

Administrative divisions[edit]

Demographics[edit]

Population: 1,521,420 (2010 Census);^[6]1,570,316 (2002 Census);^[12]1,609,003 (1989 Census).^[13]

Although as of 2007 the population was declining, the decline was more pronounced in urban areas. Out of the 19,667 births reported in 2007, 12,631 were in urban areas (11.86 per 1000) and 7,036 were in rural areas (14.88 per 1000). Birth rates for rural areas are 25% higher than that of urban areas. Of the total of 21,727 deaths, 14,366 were reported in urban areas (13.49 per 1000) and 7,361 were in rural areas (15.56 per 1000). Natural decline of population was measured at -0.16% for urban areas and an insignificant -0.07% for rural areas (average for Russia was -0.33% in 2007).^[14]

Settlements[edit]

Vital statistics[edit]

Source^[15]

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate
1970	1,421	23,286	13,265	10,021	16.4	9.3	7.1
1975	1,459	26,497	14,666	11,831	18.2	10.1	8.1
1980	1,508	27,601	16,862	10,739	18.3	11.2	7.1
1985	1,562	29,343	17,553	11,790	18.8	11.2	7.5
1990	1,614	24,345	15,816	8,529	15.1	9.8	5.3
1991	1,619	22,213	16,002	6,211	13.7	9.9	3.8
1992	1,623	20,074	18,063	2,011	12.4	11.1	1.2
1993	1,622	17,126	21,923	−4,797	10.6	13.5	−3.0
1994	1,619	16,874	24,183	−7,309	10.4	14.9	−4.5
1995	1,615	15,484	22,445	−6,961	9.6	13.9	−4.3
1996	1,610	14,877	20,641	−5,764	9.2	12.8	−3.6
1997	1,606	15,368	19,881	−4,513	9.6	12.4	−2.8
1998	1,603	16,130	19,080	−2,950	10.1	11.9	−1.8
1999	1,598	15,793	20,745	−4,952	9.9	13.0	−3.1
2000	1,592	16,256	21,852	−5,596	10.2	13.7	−3.5
2001	1,583	16,636	22,810	−6,174	10.5	14.4	−3.9
2002	1,572	17,746	24,520	−6,774	11.3	15.6	−4.3
2003	1,561	17,982	24,571	−6,589	11.5	15.7	−4.2
2004	1,552	18,238	23,994	−5,756	11.7	15.5	−3.7
2005	1,543	17,190	24,006	−6,816	11.1	15.6	−4.4
2006	1,535	17,480	22,011	−4,531	11.4	14.3	−3.0
2007	1,529	19,667	21,727	−2,060	12.9	14.2	−1.3
2008	1,525	20,421	21,436	−1,015	13.4	14.1	−0.7
2009	1,523	21,109	20,227	882	13.9	13.3	0.6	1,73
2010	1,522	21,684	21,100	584	14.3	13.9	0.4	1.78
2011	1,519	21,905	20,358	1,547	14.4	13.4	1.0	1.83
2012	1,518	23,225	19,526	3,699	15.3	12.9	2.4	1.98
2013	1,517	22,138	19,332	2,806	14.6	12.7	1.9	1.92
2014	1,517	22,060	19,461	2,599	14.5	12.8	1.7	1.96
2015	1,517	22,195	19,533	2,662	14.6	12.9	1.7	2.01
2016	1,517	21,024	19,090	1,934	13.8	12.6	1.2	1.95(e)
2017	1,515	17,954	18,130	−176	11.9	12.0	-0.1

TFR source^[16]

Ethnic groups[edit]

According to the 2010 Census,^[6]Russians make up 62.2% of the republic's population, while the ethnic Udmurts only make up 28%. Other groups include Tatars (6.7%), Ukrainians (0.6%), Mari (0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the republic's total population.

Ethnic group	1970 Census^{[citation needed]}		1979 Census^{[citation needed]}		1989 Census^{[citation needed]}		2002 Census^{[citation needed]}		2010 Census¹
Ethnic group	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Udmurts	484,168	34.2%	479,702	32.1%	496,522	30.9%	460,584	29.3%	410,584	28.0%
Besermyan	484,168	34.2%	479,702	32.1%	496,522	30.9%	2,998	0.2%	2,111	0.1%
Russians	809,563	57.1%	870,270	58.3%	945,216	58.9%	944,108	60.1%	912,539	62.2%
Tatars	87,150	6.1%	99,139	6.6%	110,490	6.9%	109,218	7.0%	98,831	6.7%
Others	36,794	2.6%	43,061	2.9%	53,435	3.3%	53,408	3.4%	42,558	2.9%
¹54,797 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.^[17]

Over two-thirds of the world population of Udmurts live in the republic.^[18]

Religion[edit]

Religion in Udmurtia as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)^[19]^[20]

Russian Orthodoxy			33.1%
Other Orthodox			2.4%
Old Believers			0.9%
Protestantism			1.4%
Other Christians			5.3%
Islam			4.3%
Rodnovery and other native faiths			1.5%
Spiritual but not religious			29%
Atheism and irreligion			19.1%
Other and undeclared			3%

According to a 2012 survey,^[19] 33.1% of the population of Udmurtia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 2% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or members of other Orthodox churches, 4% are Muslims, 2% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Udmurt Vos (Udmurt native faith), 1% adheres to forms of Protestantism, and 1% of the population are Old Believers. In addition, 29% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 19% is atheist, and 3.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.^[19]

Jews in Udmurtia[edit]

Udmurt Jews are a special territorial group of the Ashkenazi Jews, which started to be formed in the residential areas of mixed Turkic-speaking (Tatars, Kryashens, Bashkirs, Chuvash people), Finno-Ugric-speaking (Udmurts, Mari people) and Slavic-speaking (Russians) population. The Ashkenazi Jews on the territory of the Udmurt Republic first appeared in the 1830s.^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24] The Udmurt Jewry had formed the local variety on the base of the Yiddish of Udmurtia till the 1930s and features of Yiddish of migrants "joined" into it (in the 1930s and 1940s);^[25] as a result up to the 1970s and 1980s the Udmurt variety of Yiddish (Udmurtish) was divided into two linguistic subgroups: the central subgroup (with centers Izhevsk, Sarapul, and Votkinsk) and the southern subgroup (with centers Kambarka, Alnashi, Agryz and Naberezhnye Chelny).^[25] One of the characteristic features of the Udmurtish is a noticeable number of Udmurt and Tatar loan words.^[26]^[27]

Culture[edit]

St. Michael's Cathedral is the one of the main churches of Udmurtia.

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).

^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).

^ ^a^b^c Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Union Republics. 1987., p. 57

^ ^a^b Constitution, Article 9.1

^ "GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION". Udmurtia Official. Archived from the original on November 23, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

^ ^a^b^c^d Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.

^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.

^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).

^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.

^ Constitution, Article 8

^ Robert W. Orttung; et al. (2000). "Republic of Udmurtia". The Republics and Regions of the Russian Federation: A Guide to Politics, Policies and Leaders. EastWest Institute. p. 586.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)

^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.

^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.

^ "Главная::Федеральная служба государственной статистики".

^ "Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики".

^ "БГД".

^ "ВПН-2010".

^ "General Information". Land and People. Udmurtia Official. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2014.

^ ^a^b^c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.

^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.

^ Шумилов Е.Ф., "Евреи: элита инженерная, торговая, медицинская..." Свое дело. 2001. №11. С. 18. (in Russian)

^ Карпенко И., "В окрестностях Хаимграда". Лехаим. 2009. №1 (201). (in Russian)

^ Шумилов Е.Ф., "Евреи на Ижевском оружейном заводе". (in Russian)

^ Ренев Е.,"Шалом. Народ Торы в старом Ижевске. Инвожо. 2012. № 8. С. 47. (in Russian)

^ ^a^b Altyntsev A.V., "The Concept of Love in Ashkenazim of Udmurtia and Tatarstan", Nauka Udmurtii. 2013. no. 4 (66), p. 131. (Алтынцев А.В., "Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази Удмуртии и Татарстана". Наука Удмуртии. 2013. №4. С. 131: Комментарии.) (in Russian)

^ Goldberg-Altyntsev A.V., "A short ethnographic overview of the Ashkenazic Jews' group in Alnashsky District of Udmurt Republic". Die Sammlung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten der jungen jüdischen Wissenschaftler. Herausgegeben von Artur Katz, Yumi Matsuda und Alexander Grinberg. München, Dachau, 2015. S. 51.

^ Гольдберг-Алтынцев А.В., "Краткий этнографический обзор группы ашкеназских евреев в Алнашском районе Удмуртской Республики / пер. с англ. яз. А.Й. Каца." Jewish studies in the Udmurt Republic: Online. Part 1. Edited by A. Greenberg. February 27, 2015 published. P. 3. (in Russian)

Sources[edit]

№663-XII 7 декабря 1994 г. «Конституция Удмуртской Республики», в ред. Закона №62-РЗ от 22 ноября 2007 г. (#663-XII December 7, 1994 Constitution of the Udmurt Republic, as amended by the Law #62-RZ of November 22, 2007. ).

"СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик. 1987." (USSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Union Republics. 1987) / Составители В. А. Дударев, Н. А. Евсеева. — М.: Изд-во «Известия Советов народных депутатов СССР», 1987. — 673 с.

External links[edit]

Media related to Udmurtia at Wikimedia Commons

(in Russian) (in English) Official website of the Udmurt Republic

[FederalDistrict-1] Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).

[EconomicRegion-2] Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).

[1987USSR-3] Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Union Republics. 1987., p. 57

[HeadLegis-4] Constitution, Article 9.1

[5] "GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION". Udmurtia Official. Archived from the original on November 23, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

[2010Census-6] Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.

[DensityNote-7] The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.

[RuTime-8] Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).

[Russian-9] Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.

[Languages-10] Constitution, Article 8

[11] Robert W. Orttung; et al. (2000). "Republic of Udmurtia". The Republics and Regions of the Russian Federation: A Guide to Politics, Policies and Leaders. EastWest Institute. p. 586.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)

[PopCensus-12] Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.

[Census1989-13] Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.

[14] "Главная::Федеральная служба государственной статистики".

[15] "Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики".

[16] "БГД".

[17] "ВПН-2010".

[18] "General Information". Land and People. Udmurtia Official. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2014.

[2012ArenaAtlas-19] "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.

[2012Arena-religion-maps-20] 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.

[ReferenceB-21] Шумилов Е.Ф., "Евреи: элита инженерная, торговая, медицинская..." Свое дело. 2001. №11. С. 18. (in Russian)

[lechaim.ru-22] Карпенко И., "В окрестностях Хаимграда". Лехаим. 2009. №1 (201). (in Russian)

[migdal.org.ua-23] Шумилов Е.Ф., "Евреи на Ижевском оружейном заводе". (in Russian)

[24] Ренев Е.,"Шалом. Народ Торы в старом Ижевске. Инвожо. 2012. № 8. С. 47. (in Russian)

[snioo.ru-25] Altyntsev A.V., "The Concept of Love in Ashkenazim of Udmurtia and Tatarstan", Nauka Udmurtii. 2013. no. 4 (66), p. 131. (Алтынцев А.В., "Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази Удмуртии и Татарстана". Наука Удмуртии. 2013. №4. С. 131: Комментарии.) (in Russian)

[26] Goldberg-Altyntsev A.V., "A short ethnographic overview of the Ashkenazic Jews' group in Alnashsky District of Udmurt Republic". Die Sammlung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten der jungen jüdischen Wissenschaftler. Herausgegeben von Artur Katz, Yumi Matsuda und Alexander Grinberg. München, Dachau, 2015. S. 51.

[files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru-27] Гольдберг-Алтынцев А.В., "Краткий этнографический обзор группы ашкеназских евреев в Алнашском районе Удмуртской Республики / пер. с англ. яз. А.Й. Каца." Jewish studies in the Udmurt Republic: Online. Part 1. Edited by A. Greenberg. February 27, 2015 published. P. 3. (in Russian)

v t e Largest cities or towns in Udmurtia 2010 Russian Census
	Rank		Administrative Division	Pop.
Izhevsk Sarapul	1	Izhevsk	City of republic significance of Izhevsk	627,734	Votkinsk Glazov
	2	Sarapul	City of republic significance of Sarapul	101,381
	3	Votkinsk	Votkinsky District	99,022
	4	Glazov	Glazovsky District	95,854
	5	Mozhga	Mozhginsky District	47,961
	6	Igra	Igrinsky District	20,737
	7	Uva	Uvinsky District	19,984
	8	Balezino	Balezinsky District	16,121
	9	Kez	Kezsky District	11,080
	10	Kambarka	Kambarsky District	11,021

v t e History of Russia by federal subject
Republics	Adygea Altai Bashkortostan Buryatia Chechnya Chuvashia Crimea¹ Dagestan Ingushetia Kabardino-Balkaria Kalmykia Karachay-Cherkessia Karelia Khakassia Komi Mari El Mordovia North Ossetia-Alania Sakha Tatarstan Tuva Udmurtia
Krais	Altai Kamchatka Khabarovsk Krasnodar Krasnoyarsk Perm Primorsky Stavropol Zabaykalsky
Oblasts	Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Chelyabinsk Irkutsk Ivanovo Kaliningrad Kaluga Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Oryol Penza Pskov Rostov Ryazan Sakhalin Samara Saratov Smolensk Sverdlovsk Tambov Tomsk Tula Tver Tyumen Ulyanovsk Vladimir Volgograd Vologda Voronezh Yaroslavl
Federal cities	Moscow St. Petersburg Sevastopol¹
Autonomous oblasts	Jewish
Autonomous okrugs	Chukotka Khanty-Mansi Nenets Yamalo-Nenets
¹ Recognized by most states as part of Ukraine.

v t e Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Africa	Afrikaners Amazigh (Berberia) Barotseland Batwaland Haratin Ogaden Ogoni Oromia Rehoboth Somaliland Southern Cameroons Venda Zanzibar
North America	District of Columbia
South America	Mapuche
Asia	Aceh Ahwazi (Arabistan) Assyria Iranian Azerbaijan East Balochistan West Balochistan Chin Chittagong Hill Tracts Degar-Montagnards Gilgit-Baltistan (Balawaristan) Hmong Igorot (Cordillera) Inner Mongolia Khmer Krom Kurdistan South Moluccas Moro Nagaland Sindh Taiwan Talysh-Mughan Tibet Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman (Turks) East Turkestan West Papua
Europe	Abkhazia Brittany Circassia Hungarians in Transilvania Kosovo Lezgiland Crimean Tatars Savoy Trieste

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