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Chandannagar Chandernagore Chandernagor (French); Chandernagore (English)
Kolkata Metropolitan Region
Chandernagore Strand Park
Chandannagar
Coordinates: 22°52′N 88°23′E / 22.87°N 88.38°E / 22.87; 88.38Coordinates: 22°52′N 88°23′E / 22.87°N 88.38°E / 22.87; 88.38
Country	India
State	West Bengal
District	Hooghly
Region	Greater Kolkata
Government
• Type	Representative Democracy
• Body	Chandernagore Municipal Corporation
• Mayor/Mahanagarick	Sri.Ram Chakraborty
Area
• Total	19 km2 (7 sq mi)
Elevation	9 m (30 ft)
Population (2014)
• Total	166,867
• Density	8,800/km2 (23,000/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Bengali, English
• Cultural	French
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	712136, 712137
Telephone code	033
Lok Sabha constituency	Hooghly
MP	Smt.Ratna Dey Nag
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Chandannagar
Website	http://heritagechandernagore.com/

Chandannagar, formerly spelled as Chandernagore, is a city and a municipal corporation with former French colony located about 35 kilometers (22 mi) north of Kolkata, in West Bengal, India. It is headquarter of Chandannagore subdivision of Hooghly district. It is one of the 7 municipal corporations in West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Located on the Hooghly River, the city has been able to maintain a unique identity different from all other cities and abide by her own characteristics. The total area is 19 square kilometers (7.3 sq mi), and had a population of 166,867 at the 2011 Census. Chandannagar is connected to Kolkata by railway, roadways and Hooghly river and it takes about an hour to reach there by car and 45 minutes by rail.

Origin of name of Chandannagar[edit]

The name Chandannagar is possibly derived from the shape of the bank of the river Hooghly which is bent like a half moon (in Bengali, Chand means moon and Nagar implies city), so originally it was chander nagar. From the river bank it looked like a moon-shaped necklace (crescent moon). Some local people say that once, the place was the major hub of the trade of Sandal (Bengali-chandan). In some old documents the spelling of Chandannagar was Chandernagore which probably came from Chandra Nagar. To mention, Chandra is the Bengali of Moon. One more reason behind the name is, in Chandernagore there is a temple of Goddess 'Chandi'. So it might come from there. But earlier people knew the place by the name Farasdangaor "France donmgi" as it was a French colony (Bengali: Farasi means French, danga means land).The name Pharasdanga appears in Bengali literature.

History[edit]

The capture of the position of Chandernagore in 1757 by the Royal Navy.

Chandannagar came into being colonial times, proved conclusively by the fact that no mention of the town is found in medieval Bengali texts like Chandimangal and Manasamangal. Historians are of the opinion that the French created the town by amalgamating various smaller localities in the area. The three notable villages to be incorporated were Gondolpara to the South, Boro in the North and Khalisani to the West. The name "Chanderngaore" can be first found in the letter dated 1696, intended for the officials of French East India Company,dispatched by Andre Boureau Deslandes and Palle, French officials posted in Chandernagore.

The First Director of the French East India Company, Deslandes paid 40,000 coins to the Mughal subahdar in 1688 to gain control of the area and build a factory there. But the first Frenchman to possess any subsequent land holding in this area was Du Plessis who bought land of 13 Arpents at Boro Kishanganj, now loacted at North Chandannagar for Taka 401 in the year 1673-74.

The prosperity of Chandannagar as a French colony started soon after. At this time the Comapny establishment consisted of 1 Director, and 5 members who formed a council, 15 merchants and shopkeepers, 2 notaries, 2 padres, 2 doctors and 1 Sutradhar. The army consisted of 130 foot soldiers, 20 among them were Indians. The Fort de Orleans was constructed in the year 1696-97 and was better defended than its French and British counterparts. After the initial success the French trade languished due to the lax policy of its Directors.

In 1730 Joseph François Dupleix was appointed governor of the city, during whose administration more than two thousand brick houses were erected in the town and a considerable maritime trade was carried on. It also attracted people from all over India who came and settled here for trade and commerce. The population of the city reached to be around a lakh at this time and the fledgling town of Calcutta was a poor cousin of Chandannagar. From Dupleix's time to 1756, Chandannagar was the main center for European commerce in Bengal. The city had thriving centres of trade involving Opium, Indigo, Silk, Rice, Rope, Sugar etc. The fine clothes of Chandannagar was imported to Europe.

One of the premier men of the town who made it big at this time was Indranarayan Chaudhari. He had arrived at the end of the seventeenth century from Jessore as an orphan sheletered at his maternal grandfather's house. He secured a job at the Company out of his own industriousness and then went on to gain a tremendous fortune being associated with the burgeoning trade of the Company. When the British seized his house after the sack of 1756, cash and jewelry worth 65 lakhs was scured from his house alone. Nandadulal Temple, a temple to Krishna established by him still houses the secret chamber in which he reportedly hid his immense fortune which was later recovered by Clive. Maharaj Krishna Chandra of Krishnanagar would often come to him to lend money.

Chandannagar waterfront c. 1850

In 1756 war broke out between France and Great Britain, and Colonel Robert Clive of the British East India Company and Admiral Charles Watson of the British Navy bombarded and captured Chandannagar on 23 March 1757. The town's fortifications and many houses were demolished thereafter, and Chandannagar's importance as a commercial center was eclipsed by that of Calcutta situated down river. Chandernagore was restored to the French in 1763, but retaken by the British in 1794 in the Napoleonic Wars. The city was returned to France in 1816, along with a 3 sq mi (7.8 km²) enclave of surrounding territory. It was governed as part of French India until 1850, under the political control of the governor-general in Pondicherry. By 1900 the town's former commercial importance was gone, and it was little more than a quiet suburb of Calcutta, with a population of 25,000 (1901). But it was noted for its clean wide thoroughfares, with many elegant residences along the riverbank. The chief festival of French Chandernagore was the Fete National, commemeorting the establishment of the French Republic.

Like the other three French occupied colonies of India, Chandernagore was under Pondicherry. There was only one Governor for the entire French India. He lived in the principal city of Pondicherry, from time to time he would visit the colonies. There was one Administrator under the Governor in each colony. Though there were courts and magistrates here, a separate judge used to come from Pondicherry for session trials. There was a High court in Pondicherry for filing an appeal. The Collectorates, the Education Department, the Housing Department etc. were all under the said department of Pondicherry. One Inspector from France used to come here every year for inspecting all the affairs. The French Consul who lived in Calcutta had no connection with the administration of Chandernagore.

Formerly the government kept a troop of sepoys to help maintenance of peace in the town. It is known that Chandernagore had two divisions of infantry during 1743-45. Under the terms of the treaty it had no alternative but to keep not more than 15 soldiers.

The laws of this place were not separate, laws were the same in regard to all the colonies and they were drawn up by the Minister of the Interior of France. In the councils of Depute and Senateur of France there was one representative elected by the citizens and representatives of French India in each.

Though no Indian ever got a place in the Councils of Depute and Senateur, the citizens of Chandernagore had the right to be elected to those seats.

A Municipality was created here on 1 August 1880. Charles Dumaine became the first Mayor.

There was a post called 'Notaire' like the Registrar of British India. All the deeds as for testament, sale and purchase, debts and dues were registered by him.

The judicial system even passed a few death sentences in the town. Two persons named Sk. Abdul Panjari and Hiru Bagdi were sentenced to death for the first time on 26 January 1883. The guillotine was used to carry out capital punishment and was used in the town for the last time on 22 July 1895.

Battle of Chandannagore[edit]

Merger with India[edit]

India became independent from Britain in 1947. In June 1948 the French Government held a plebiscite which found that 97% of Chandannagar's residents wished to become part of India. In May 1950, the French allowed the Indian government to assume de facto control over Chandannagar, officially ceding the city to India on 2 February 1951. De jure transfer took place on 9 June 1952.

On 2 October 1954 Chandannagar was integrated into the state of West Bengal.^[1]

Places of tourist interest[edit]

The Chandannagar strand

French Cemetery.

Sacred Heart church.

The Inscription on Chandannagar Gate

The Nandadulal Jiu mandir.

The French Governor's palace presently housing the Chandannagar Museum

Chandannagore Strand[edit]

The night view of the strand in Chandannagar.

The tree-shaded promenade along the river is about 1 km (0.62 mi) in length and 7 meters (23 ft) in width, and there are many buildings of historical importance along the way. It is a popular spot for local people and tourists alike, who love to stroll along enjoying the breeze and watching the small boats sail by. Along the Strand one can find the Vivekananda Mandir (a meditation centre protruding into the river Ganges).

Chandannagore Museum and Institute (Institut de Chandernagor)[edit]

One of the oldest museums of the region. It boasts a collection of French antiques (such as cannons used in Anglo-French war, wooden furniture of the 18th century, etc.) which are difficult to find anywhere else in the world. The institute still teaches French through regular classes. Jogendra Nath Sen, resident of Chandannagar who died in France fighting in the World War I. His personal items were sent to his brother in India who later donated them to the Intitut de Chandernagore in Chandannagar.^[2] The Museum is closed on Thursday and Saturday.

The Sacred Heart Church of Chandannagar (l'Eglise du Sacré Cœur)[edit]

The church is situated near the Strand. It was designed by French Architect Jacques Duchatz. The church was inaugurated by Paul Goethals 27 Jan. 1884.^[3] The church stands for over two centuries to mark the beauty of the architecture during the French period — a good place to visit for the historians and tourists alike. The remains of the Church of St. Louis is also an attractive tourist spot.

French Cemetery[edit]

The French Cemetery contains 150 tombs and is located on the Grand Trunk Road opposite Lal Dighi (a large lake). Amongst the remarkable people buried there, one can find the tomb of Duplessis, the founding father of French Chandannagar and also the one of pioneering meteorologist Henry "Storm" Piddington, who is mentioned in Amitav Ghosh's novel The Hungry Tide.^[4]

The Patal Bari or the underground house

Chandanangar Gate[edit]

Constructed in 1937, to mark the Fall of Bastille, the gate has the slogan of the French Revolution "Liberté, égalité, fraternité (Liberty, equality and fraternity)" etched on it.^[5]

The Underground House (Patal-Bari)[edit]

The building is another beautiful example of the advancement in the knowledge of architecture and the aesthetic sense of the people of those earlier days. Its lowest floor is submerged in the River Ganges. The Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore frequently visited the place and appreciated a lot about the building. He felt that the place influenced him to a large extent and broadened his intellectual capabilities. He mentioned Patal-bari in many of his famous novels. The famous social reformer Pandit Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar also stayed in the building. The house was owned by the zemindars of nearby Mankundu.

Nandadulal Temple[edit]

Nandadulal Temple built in 1740 by Indranarayan Roychoudhury presents an excellent example of ancient Indian sculptures. There are many fascinating temples devoted to Kali, Shiva and other deities which show marks of brilliant craftsmanship and artistic taste.The temples old idol of lord krishna was thrown away into the pond behind the temple by a general .Later the pieces of the idols were fished out and submerged in varanasi.^{[citation needed]} It is built in the do chalha style.

Nritya Gopal Smriti Mandir[edit]

Built by Sri Harihar Sett, and donated to the people of Chandannagore. This building still serves as a theatre hall and a library. It was first of its kind in the entire locality. It has one of the largest collections of books in French, English and Bengali in the district.

Bishalakshmi temple[edit]

The temple is situated near Brahmin para, Boubazar in the western part of railway station. The history of this ancient temple is not known properly. The deity is worshiped regularly by the local people.

Sabinara Thakurbari[edit]

A temple of Lord Jaggannath, Lord of the universe. It is situated on 'Rather Sadak' or the road of Lord Jaggannath's chariot. Mahaprabhu Chaitanya is said to have visited this place in his time. Currently this temple is maintained by the Chattopadhyay family.

Chandernagore Heritage Museum[edit]

Archival materials on the history of Chandernagor and relics of Rabindranath Tagore are available at the Chandernagore Heritage Museum which is located in the vicinity of the Barabazar Auto Stop.
(Please note that access to the archive is limited only to research scholars).

Radhanath Sikdar Himalayan Museum[edit]

The Radhanath Sikdar Himalayan Museum at Ananda Cottage, Bagbazar, sports a fine display of mountaineering equipment and the history associated with such artefacts.

KMDA Park[edit]

The KMDA Park located West of Chandernagore Railway Station is a popular park and picnic spot. It was made open to the public in 2002 and since then it has served thousands of people who come here for picnics, particularly in the winter months.

The Mango Gardens[edit]

There mango gardens now privately owned and maintained are popular picnic spots situated west of the railway station near Mankundu. The Gardens have been operational since 2009, and several hundreds of people gather here for winter day outs.Few Such Gardens are named as Amprpali, Amrakunja.

Cultural Calendar of the City[edit]

Bhuvaneshwari Puja at Hatkhola, Chandannagar (2018)

In the month of Shravan, Bhuvaneshwari Puja is held at Hatkhola for a month.

The FIFA World Cup (2018) between France- Croatia was aired live on the giant screen in front of Rabindra Bhawan, Strand.

Roads and transport[edit]

By road

Chandannagore is 37 km (23 mi) by road from Kolkata via G.T. Road or Delhi road. Taxis and private cars are easily available between Kolkata and Chandannagore.

By rail

Local trains from Howrah through Howrah Burdwan Eastern Railway main line run very frequently (peak frequency one train every 10 or 12 minutes). Many important express and passenger trains halt here. The distance from Howrah by rail is approximately 33 km (21 mi) and it takes about 50–55 minutes in all-stop local trains. Many through trains (trains which will stop only at specific stations, primarily junctions) also tend to make stops here.

By air

Nearest airport is at Kolkata (Kolkata Airport), which is linked with all major Indian and international cities. Chandannagore is only 40 km (25 mi) by road from the airport.

By water

Government of West Bengal (West Bengal Surface Transport Corporation) operates river services across river Hooghly (the Ganges) and also between Chandannagore and Kolkata and Belur.

Heritage and culture[edit]

Jagaddhatri Puja is a major socio cultural event in this region, attracting massive crowds from all over the state of West Bengal.

The oldest Jagaddatri Puja of Chandannagar. The Goddess is known as "Adi Maa".

Lighting in Chandannagar during Jaggadhatri Puja 2016.

History[edit]

The ancient history of Jagadhatri Puja in Chandannagar is unknown even today. It is wrongly believed that Indranarayan Chowdhury introduced the Jagadhatri Puja in Chandannagar in manners similar to Raja Krishnachandra of Krishnanagore. The time of beginning of Jagadhatri Puja in Krishnanagore was 1762. Indranarayan Choudhury died in 1756. So Indranarayan Choudhury by no means introduced the Jagadhatri puja in Chandannagar. The beginning of Jagadhatri puja in Chandannagar probably dates back earlier than 1750. Indranarayan Choudhury performed the Jagadhatri puja at his own house in Chandannagar, at the time Krishnachandra used to come to borrow money from Indranarayan Choudhury. The father of Krishnachandra had started the puja of Jagadhatri at Krishna Nagar due to missing out once on the puja of Durga by being locked up in British prison.^[6] Once Krishnachandra's ship could not reach Krishna Nagar in time for Jagadhatri puja due to weak winds. So he performed on day of nabami the puja at the Ghat of Nichupoty. Seeing in this the wish of the Goddess to be established as a puja in Chandannagar too,
he left funds for its yearly worship on a permamnent basis.
In 1780 Bengal Gazette of James August Hickey was the first newspaper of this country. The newspaper was silent about the Jagaddhatri Puja. But the 'Friends of India' published a report on the community Jagaddhatri Puja in 1820. The date of the community Jagaddhatri Puja in Chandernagore was 1790. In those days Robert Clive called Loxmigonj of Chandernagore the 'Granary of Bengal'. The Jagaddhatri Puja at Chaulpotty (Rice Market) in Loxmigonj is probably the historic example of the ancient community Jagaddhatri Puja. The Jagaddhatri Puja of Chandernagore bridges the past and the present.

Jagaddhatri Puja at Baghbazar Area of Chandannagar

One of the main attractions of the Jagaddhatri idol of Chandernagore is the ornamental decoration of the goddess with sola and the beautiful canvas of mats with paintings at the back of the image. Also the procession is second longest in the world after Rio de Janeiro's.^[7]

Procession Tableau

The lightgates of Chandannagar in West Bengal, India. Chandannagar is famous for its light gates, popular during Durga Pooja and Jagadhatri Pooja.

Education[edit]

The Chandernagore Govt. College

List of boys' schools[edit]




• Sri Aurobindo Vidyamandir


• Adarsa Shikshalaya (WBBSE, WBCHSE)


• Kanailal Vidyamandir (English & French Section)(WBBSE, WBCHSE)


• Durga Charan Rakshit Banga Vidyalaya (WBBSE, WBCHSE)


• Prabartak Vidyarthi Bhaban (WBBSE)


• Ganges Gurukul^[8] (Coed)(ICSE + ISC)


• Khalisani Vidya Mandir (WBBSE)


• Narua Siksha Niketan (WBBSE)


• Modern Public School, Bhakunda (co ed)


• Chandannagar St. Paul's


• Rishi Aurobindo Bal-Kendram, Vidyalanka (Co-Ed)


• Vivekanand Wisdom Mission (Co-ED)


• Chandannagar Banga Vidyalaya (WBBSE, WBCHSE)




List of girls' schools[edit]




• 
  St. Joseph Convent^[9]


• Krishna Bhabini Nari Shiksha Mandir (WBBSE, WBCHSE)


• St. Anthony's High School (WBBSE)


• Lal Bagan Balika Vidyalaya (WBBSE)


• Ushangini Balika Vidyalaya (WBBSE, WBCHSE)


• Prabartak Nari Mandir (WBBSE)


• Indumati Girls High School (WBBSE)


• Khalisani Nari Siksha Mandir (WBBSE)


• Ganges Gurukul^[8] (Coed)(ICSE + ISC)


• Bholanath Das Balika Vidyalaya


• Modern Public School, Bhakunda (co ed)


• Rishi Aurobindo Bal-Kendram, Vidyalanka (Co-Ed)




List of famous art school[edit]





Rong O Tuli





This famous Art school running for the last 40 years. This is one of the most famous Art school in town.





ART CLUB OF CHANDERNAGORE





This organization famous for organizing Art and Craft Exhibition every year along with Workshop and Puja Parikrama since
2002.






List of colleges[edit]




• 
  Chandernagore Government College (University of Burdwan)


• 
  Khalisani Mahavidyalaya (University of Burdwan)


• Institute of Education (P.G.) for Women, Chandannagar (University of Burdwan)


• Women's Polytechnic College


• 
  Sir J. C. Bose School of Engineering, Mankundu




Gallery[edit]




• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Reminiscences of a French colony, Chandannagar, West Bengal
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Reminiscences of a French colony, Chandannagar, West Bengal
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Reminiscences of a French colony, Chandannagar, West Bengal
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Reminiscences of a French colony, Chandannagar, West Bengal
  

  
  

  
  






The temple dedicated to Swami Vivekananda on Strand road






Geography[edit]








A view of the River Hooghly from the Strand Road





Chandannagar is located at 22°52′N 88°23′E / 22.87°N 88.38°E / 22.87; 88.38. It has an average elevation of 10 metres (33 ft).





Chandannagar consisted of mainly three parts Khalisani (west), Gondalpara (south) and Boro Kishanganj (north). There are about 30 localities (para) and more than 100 sub-localities. Of them some are Gondalpara, Nutan Telighat, Barasat, Tematha, Hatkhola, Daibokpara, Padripara, Lalbagan, Barabazar, Bagbazar, Fatokgora, Khalisani, Nabagram, Palpara, Urdibazar, Luxmigunj, Panchanantala, Taldanga, Haridradanga etc.





The G.T. Road runs through the middle of the city. The Delhi road runs marking the western limit of the city. Bajra, Bandhagram etc. are some of the village like areas near the borders of the city.





The city is bordered by Chinsurah in the north, Bhadreshwar in the south, the Hooghly river in the east and Dhaniakhali in the west






Demographics[edit]





As per 2011 Census of India Chandannagar had a total population of 166,867 of which 84,009 (50.3%) were males and 82,858 (49.7%) were females. Population below 6 years was 11,826. The total number of literates in Chandannagar was 139,005 (89.65% of the population over 6 years).^[10]





Police station[edit]





Chandannagar police station has jurisdiction over the Chandannagar municipal corporation area.On 30 June 2017 CHANDANNAGAR POLICE COMMISSIONERATE has been established.The establishments marked under the same are Chinsurah PS;Chandernagore PS;Bhadreswar PS;Serampore PS;Dankuni PS;Rishra PS;Uttarpara PS;Chinsurah Women PS;Serampore Women P.S.Mr Peeyush Pandey, an IPS of 1993 batch, became the first commissioner of the Chandannagar Commissionerate. A major urban part of the district along river Hooghly has been brought under the jurisdiction of the commissionerate to ensure better policing.^[11][12]





Notable residents[edit]




• 
  Kanailal Dutta, Bengali revolutionary and martyr.


• 
  Rash Behari Bose, Bengali revolutionary.


• 
  Motilal Roy, Bengali revolutionary, journalist, spiritual leader.


• 
  Shrish Chandra Ghosh, Bengali revolutionary


• 
  Manindra Nath Nayak, Bengali revolutionary


• 
  Basabi Pal, Professor of French ^[13]


• 
  Tapas Paul, Bengali actor and Member of Parliament.


• 
  Ishan Porel, Indian Under-19 cricket player




See also[edit]




• Municipal Administration in French India


References[edit]






1. 
   ^ Bondyopadhyay, Biswanath. Dictionary of Historical Places, Bengal, 1757 – 1947. Primus. p. 135. ISBN 978 93 80607 41 2. 
   


2. 
   ^ Ghorai, Jayeeta (17 July 2015). "Leeds remembers its forgotten Indian war hero" (Kolkata). The Times of India. Retrieved 23 August 2015. 
   


3. 
   ^ Bhattacharya, Narendranath. Hooghly Jelar Purakirti. West Bengal State Archeology. p. 65. 
   


4. 
   ^ Banerjee, Sudeshna (23 October 2013). "Restoration at French Cemetery" (Kolkata). The Telegraph. Retrieved 24 August 2015. 
   


5. 
   ^ Datta, Rangan (4 March 2012). "Next Weekend you can be at Chandannagar" (Kolkata). The Telegraph. Retrieved 28 August 2015. 
   


6. 
   ^ Charleston, June McDaniel Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies College of (9 July 2004). Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls : Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal. Oxford University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-19-534713-5. 
   


7. 
   ^ "French connection: Jagaddhatri's homecoming to Chandernagore - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 November 2016. 
   


8. 
   ^ ^ab "Ganges Gurukul, ICSE, Co-Ed English Medium School". www.gangesgurukul.co.in. Retrieved 2016-10-07. 
   


9. 
   ^ "Official Website of St. Joseph's School". Retrieved 28 August 2015. 
   


10. 
    ^ "2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables". West Bengal – District-wise. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved June 15, 2016. 
    


11. 
    ^ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly". Tables 2.1, 2.2,. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017. 
    


12. 
    ^ "Hooghly District Police". West Bengal Police. Retrieved 20 June 2017. 
    


13. 
    ^ "Confluence of French and Bengali culture. | Heritage & People of Chandernagore". Heritagechandernagoreblog.wordpress.com. 2016-02-08. Retrieved 2016-08-20. 
    






• 9. Archival Papers on Merger with India [Chandannagar Heritage Archive]


• 10. Old Photos of Chandannagar [Chandannagar Heritage Archive]


• 11. Old Map [Chandannagar Heritage Archive]




Further reading[edit]




• 
  Hill, Samuel Charles (1903). Three Frenchmen in Bengal: The Commercial Ruin of the French Settlements in 1757. Project Gutenberg. e-text #10946. Retrieved 25 April 2007. 
  


• 
  Strang, Herbert. In Clive's Command: A Story of the Fight for India. Project Gutenburg. e-text #16382. Retrieved 25 April 2007. 
  


• 
  Sailendra Nath Sen (2012). Chandernagore: From Boundage to Freedom, 1900-1955. Primus Books. ISBN 978-93-80607-23-8. 
  


• 
  Arghya Bose (2017). Chandernagor: Recognizing Alternative Discourses on the Colonial. Avenel Press. ISBN 978-93-80736-71-6. 
  


• Discover Chandannagar/author - Kalyan Chakrabortty[Published by Chandernagor Heritage]/


• CHANDERNAGOR-Edited by Lipika Ghosh and Kalyan Chakrabortty/Published by Chandernagor Heritage=


• CHANDANNAGORER KATHA/Author - Lipika Ghosh [Published by Chandernagor Heritage]/


• Sankhipta Chandannagar Parichay/Author - Harihar Sett [Published by Chandannagar Pustakagar]


• "Ami Tomaderi Rash Behari"/Author-Kalyan Chakrabortty




External links[edit]







Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chandannagar.





Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Chandannagar.

• 300 years of Chandannagar (1696-1996)


• Geocities site about Chandannagar


• Institut de Chandernagore - official website


• Indian Ministry for External Affairs - 1951 Treaty of Cession


• 
  La présence française à Chandernagor (1688-1950) (in French)
  


• 
  East Meets West by A. Chatterji


• 
  Roy, Pritimadhab (2012). "Chandannagar". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. 
  


• Yahoo! Education page on Chandannagar


• Stereotype photo (poverty etc) Gallery of Chandannagar on TrekEarth


• Chandannagar Information


• Temples of Chandannagar


• Jagadhatri Puja images


• Heritage Chandernagore