Padma, Hazaribagh (community development block)

Padma
; Padma; पदमा;
	; Community development block;
	; ; ; ; ; ; Padma; ; ; Location in Jharkhand, India; Show map of Jharkhand; ; ; ; ; ; Padma; ; ; Padma (India); Show map of India; ; ;
	; Coordinates: 24°12′00″N 85°22′00″E / 24.2000°N 85.3667°E / 24.2000; 85.3667Coordinates: 24°12′00″N 85°22′00″E / 24.2000°N 85.3667°E / 24.2000; 85.3667;
Country	; India;
State	; Jharkhand;
District	; Hazaribagh;
Government;
• Type	; Representative democracy;
Elevation;	; 398 m (1,306 ft)
Population (2011);
• Total	; 56,014
Languages;
• Official	; Hindi, Urdu;
Time zone	; UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	; 825411 (Padma);
Telephone/STD code	; 06543
Vehicle registration	; JH 02
; Lok Sabha constituency	; Hazaribagh;
; Vidhan Sabha constituency	; Barhi;
Website	; hazaribag.nic.in;

Community development block in Jharkhand, India

Padma is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Barhi subdivision of Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Overview[edit]

Hazaribagh district is spread over a part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The central plateau, averaging a height of 2,000 ft (610 m), occupies the central part of the district. On all sides, except on the western side, it is surrounded by the lower plateau, averaging a height of 1,300 ft (396 m), the surface being undulating. In the north and the north-west the lower plateau forms a fairly level tableland till the ghats, when the height drops to about 700 ft (213 m) and slopes down gradually. The Damodar and the Barakar form the two main watersheds in the district. DVC has constructed the Konar Dam across the Konar River. It is a forested district with cultivation as the main occupation of the people. Coal is the main mineral found in this district. China clay is also found in this district.^[1]^[2]^[3]Inaugurating the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in 2016, Raghubar Das, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, had indicated that there were 23 lakh BPL families in Jharkhand.^[4]There was a plan to bring the BPL proportion in the total population down to 35%.^[5]

History[edit]

The Padma Palace (also referred to as Padma Fort) of Ramgarh Raj is located at Padma. The Shivgarh gate is one of its main attractions. There is a photo gallery displaying the history of Ramgarh Raj.^[6]

Padma Block was established on 27 September, 1995.^[7]

Maoist activities[edit]

Right from its inception in 2000. Jharkhand was a “laboratory” for Naxalites to experiment with their ideas of establishing a parallel government. As of 2005, 16 of the 22 districts in the state, including Hazaribagh district, was transformed into a “guerrilla zone”. The movement was not restricted to armed operations but included kangaroo courts called Jan adalats, elected village bodies and people’s police.^[8]Jharkhand, with a dense forest cover over a large part of the state, offers a favourable terrain for the Naxalites to build their bases and operate. Annual fatalities in Jharkhand were 117 in 2003 and 150 in 2004.^[9]In 2013 Jharkhand was considered one of the two states in the country most affected by Left wing extremism and Jharkhand police set up an exclusive cell to deal with Maoist activities.^[10]However, in the same year, when Jharkhand police identified 13 focus areas for combating Maoist extremism, Hazaribagh district was not one of them.^[11]

Geography[edit]

Padma is located at 24°12′00″N 85°22′00″E / 24.2000°N 85.3667°E / 24.2000; 85.3667.^[12]

Padma CD Block is bounded by Barhi CD Block, on the north and a part of the east, Ichak CD Block on a part of the east and the south, and Mayurhand CD Block, in Chatra district, and Katkmsandi CD Block on the west.^[13]^[14]

As of 2001, Padma CD Block had an area of 126.57 km².^[15] As of 2011, Padma CD Block had eight gram panchayats,^[16] 40 inhabited villages^[17] and no census towns.^[18]Barhi police station and Padma police out-post serve this CD Block,^[19] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Padma.^[20]

It is located 26 km north of Hazaribagh, the district headquarters.

Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Padma.^[7]

The Gram Panchayats covered by Padma intermediate panchayat are: Bandarbela, Bihari, Kutipisi, Padma, Pindarkon, Romi, Saraiya, and Suryapura.^[21]

Demographics[edit]

Population[edit]

As per the 2011 Census of India, Padma CD Block had a total population of 56,014, all of which were rural. There were 28,941 (52%) males and 27,073 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 9,378. Scheduled Castes numbered 9,928 (17.72%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 843 (1.50%).^[18]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Padma CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Padma (7,896) and Saria (4,855).^[18]

Literacy[edit]

As of 2011^[update] census, the total number of literates in Padma CD Block was 32,133 (68.90% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 19,195 (79.92% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 12,938 (57.20% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 22.71%.^[18]

As of 2011^[update] census, literacy in Hazaribag district was 70.48%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.^[22]Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.^[23]^[24]

See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Literacy in CD Blocks of Hazaribagh district
Barhi subdivision
Chauparan – 69.41%
Barhi – 68.39%
Padma – 68.90%
Barkatha – 61.44%
Chalkusha – 67.13%
Hazaribagh Sadar subdivision
Ichak – 71.87%
Tati Jhariya – 60.68%
Daru – 71.08%
Bishnugarh – 62.04%
Sadar, Hazaribagh – 77.56%
Katkamsandi – 67.38%
Katkamdag – 69.97%
Keredari – 64.04%
Barkagaon – 65.44%
Churchu – 67.97%
Dadi – 70.26%
Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

Language[edit]

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.^[25]Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor.^[26]^[27]^[28]

The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu.^[29]

Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.^[29]

Economy[edit]

Livelihood[edit]

Livelihood
in Padma CD Block

Cultivators (37.92%)

Agricultural labourers (33.64%)

Household industries (1.06%)

Other Workers (27.38%)

In Padma CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 9,137 and formed 37.92%, agricultural labourers numbered 8,106 and formed 33.64%, household industry workers numbered 256 and formed 1.06% and other workers numbered 6,598 and formed 27.38%. Total workers numbered 24,097 and formed 43.02% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 31,917 and formed 56.98% of the population.^[30]

Note: In the census records, a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.^[31]

Infrastructure[edit]

There are 40 inhabited villages in Padma CD Block. In 2011, 37 villages had power supply. 2 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 4 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 40 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 5 villages had post offices, 4 villages had sub post offices, 4 villages had telephones (land lines) and 38 villages had mobile phone coverage. 40 villages had pucca (hard top) village roads, 12 villages had bus service (public/ private), 1 village had autos/ modified autos, and 12 villages had tractors. 4 villages had bank branches, 4 villages had agricultural credit societies, no village had cinema/ video hall, no village had public library and public reading room. 22 villages had public distribution system, 5 villages had weekly haat (market) and 26 villages had assembly polling stations.^[32]

Forestry and agriculture[edit]

The main occupation of the people of Hazaribagh district is cultivation. While forests occupy around 45% of the total area, the cultivable area forms about 39% of the total area. The forests are uniformly spread across the district. Sal is the predominant species in the jungles. Other species are: bamboo, khair, sali, semal, mahua, tamarind, mango, black-berry (jamun), peepal, karnaj, jack-fruit, margosa (neem), kusum, palas, kend, asan, piar and bhelwa. Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary is located around 19 km north of Hazaribag. Irrigation facilities in this hilly area are inadequate and generally farmers depend on rain for their cultivation. The land situated along the river banks, or low land, is fertile but the uplands are generally barren. May to October is Kharif season, followed by Rabi season. Rice is the main crop of the district. Other important crops grown are: bazra, maize, pulses (mainly arhar and gram) and oilseeds. Limited quantities of cash crops, such as sugar cane, are grown.^[33]

Backward Regions Grant Fund[edit]

Hazaribagh district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.^[34]^[35]

Transport[edit]

NH 20 passes through Padma CD Block.^[36].mw-parser-output .RMboxbox-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12),0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2).mw-parser-output .RMinlinefloat:none;width:100%;margin:0;border:none.mw-parser-output table.routemappadding:0;border:0;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2;margin:auto.mw-parser-output .RMirborder:0;border-spacing:0;display:table;line-height:0;padding:0!important;margin:0 auto!important.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMsidisplay:inline;font-size:90%.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMl1padding:0 3px;text-align:left.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMr1padding:0 3px;text-align:right.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMltext-align:right.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMrtext-align:left.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMl4padding:0 3px 0 0;text-align:left.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMr4padding:0 0 0 3px;text-align:right.mw-parser-output table.routemap>tbody>trline-height:1.mw-parser-output table.routemap>tbody>tr>tdpadding:0;width:auto;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center.mw-parser-output .RMir>tbody>trdisplay:inline-table.mw-parser-output .RMir>tbody>tr>tdpadding:0;height:20px;min-height:20px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMovposition:relative.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMicposition:absolute;left:0px;top:0px;padding:0.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMtxline-height:20px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMspheight:20px;min-height:20px.mw-parser-output .RMir div>.RMtxposition:absolute.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMtx>abbr,.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMtx>divline-height:.975;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMf_height:5px;min-height:5px;width:20px;min-width:20px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMfmheight:100%;min-height:100%;width:4px;min-width:4px;margin:0 auto.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMowidth:2.5px;min-width:2.5px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMcwidth:5px;min-width:5px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMocwidth:7.5px;min-width:7.5px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMdwidth:10px;min-width:10px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RModwidth:12.5px;min-width:12.5px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMcdwidth:15px;min-width:15px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMocdwidth:17.5px;min-width:17.5px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_width:20px;min-width:20px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_owidth:22.5px;min-width:22.5px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_cwidth:25px;min-width:25px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_ocwidth:27.5px;min-width:27.5px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_dwidth:30px;min-width:30px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_odwidth:32.5px;min-width:32.5px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_cdwidth:35px;min-width:35px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_ocdwidth:37.5px;min-width:37.5px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMbwidth:40px;min-width:40px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMcbwidth:45px;min-width:45px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMdbwidth:50px;min-width:50px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMcdbwidth:55px;min-width:55px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_bwidth:60px;min-width:60px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_cbwidth:65px;min-width:65px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_dbwidth:70px;min-width:70px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_cdbwidth:75px;min-width:75px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMswidth:80px;min-width:80px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMdswidth:90px;min-width:90px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_swidth:100px;min-width:100px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_dswidth:110px;min-width:110px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMbswidth:120px;min-width:120px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMdbswidth:130px;min-width:130px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_bswidth:140px;min-width:140px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_dbswidth:150px;min-width:150px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMwwidth:160px;min-width:160px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_wwidth:180px;min-width:180px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMbwwidth:200px;min-width:200px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_bwwidth:220px;min-width:220px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMswwidth:240px;min-width:240px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_swwidth:260px;min-width:260px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMbswwidth:280px;min-width:280px.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_bswwidth:300px;min-width:300px

Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana line

Legend

km

137

Barkakana Junction

Tatanagar Junction · Son Nagar Junction

Damodar River

133

Argada

to Gomoh–Barkakana branch line

122

Kuju

NH 20

113

Mandu

NH 20

107

Charhi

90

Bes

80

Hazaribagh Town

73

Kansar Nawada

56

Katkamsandi

50

Kathautia

42

Kurhagada

35

Padma

23

Barhi

NH 19

Barakar River

14

Urwan

8

Pipradih

0

Koderma Junction

on Grand chord

Source: Google maps
Koderma-Barkakana Passenger

The 79.7 km long first stage railway project from Koderma to Hazaribagh costing ₹ 936 crore was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 20 February 2015. The railway line passes through Padma CD Block and there is a station at Padma.^[37]

Education[edit]

In 2011, amongst the 40 inhabited villages in Padma CD Block, 5 villages had no primary school, 27 villages had one primary school and 8 villages had more than one primary school. 29 villages had at least one primary school and one middle school. 4 villages had at least one middle school and one secondary school.^[38]

Healthcare[edit]

In 2011, amongst the 40 inhabited villages in Padma CD Block, 1 village had a community health centre, 1 village had primary health centre, 6 villages had primary health sub-centres, 5 villages had medicine shops and 30 villages had no medical facilities.^[39]

References[edit]

^ "District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 9 - 12. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "Hazaribag District". Hazaribag At A Glance. Hazaribag district authorities. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "Konar Dam". india9.com. Retrieved 2010-04-17.

^ "Chief Minister launches Ujjwal scheme in Hazaribag". The Times of India, 2 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "State 12th Five Year Plan: State Annual Plan 2012-13" (PDF). State of Jharkhand. Jharkhand Planning Commission. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "Incredible Hazaribagh" (PDF). Padma Fort. Jharkhand Government. Retrieved 11 November 2017.

^ ^a^b "Padma Block". District administration. Retrieved 2010-04-17.

^ "Red Terror over Jharkhand". Rajat Kumar Kujur. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "Naxalite Movement in Bihar and Jharkhand". Dr. Sanjay K. Jha. Dialogue, April-June 2005. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "Naxal Violence: New Structures and Old Woes in Jharkhand". Bibhu Prasad Routray. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "13 focus areas identified in Jharkhand to check Maoist activities". Eenadu Jndia, 14 June 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "Padma, India page". Falling Rain Genomics. Retrieved 2010-04-17.

^ "District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Map on the fifth page. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "CD Block/ Tehsil Map of Hazaribagh". Maps of India. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "District Statistical Handbook, Hazaribag". Tables 2.2. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

^ "District Hazaribagh – Facts and Figures". Demography. Jharkhand Government. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

^ "District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Table 2, Page 31. Directorate of Census Opeartions, Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

^ ^a^b^c^d "2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

^ "Jharkhand Police". Contact Number. Jharkhand Government. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

^ "Official Website of Hazaribag District". Administration – Subdivision and Blocks. Jharkhand Government. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

^ "Village Panchayat Names of PADMA,HAZARIBAGH,JHARKHAND". National Panchayat Directory, Panchayat Informatics Division, NIC. Retrieved 2010-04-17.

^ "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand". Sr. No. 5, Sheet 2. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

^ "Literacy in India". Census 2011. Census population 2015 data. Retrieved 8 October 2017.

^ "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Page 110. Government of India. Retrieved 8 October 2017.

^ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

^ "Khortha demand for language teachers". The Telegraph, 22 November 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

^ "Second Language". India Today, 22 October 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

^ "Jharkhand Governor turns down language bill". Post/Jagran Josh, 19 October 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

^ ^a^b "District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 27. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "District Census Handbook 2011 Hazaribagh, Series 21 Part XII A" (PDF). Table 30 and 34 Pages 51, 57-58. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "District Census Handbook 2011 Hazaribag, Series 21 Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 24-25. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 575-579 Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 11-14. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Retrieved 8 October 2017.

^ "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ Google maps

^ "PM Narendra Modi flags off Hazaribagh-Koderma DMU train". The Indian Express 20 February 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.

^ "District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 579-580 Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

^ "District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 576-577 Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[1] "District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 9 - 12. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[2] "Hazaribag District". Hazaribag At A Glance. Hazaribag district authorities. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[india9-3] "Konar Dam". india9.com. Retrieved 2010-04-17.

[4] "Chief Minister launches Ujjwal scheme in Hazaribag". The Times of India, 2 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[5] "State 12th Five Year Plan: State Annual Plan 2012-13" (PDF). State of Jharkhand. Jharkhand Planning Commission. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[6] "Incredible Hazaribagh" (PDF). Padma Fort. Jharkhand Government. Retrieved 11 November 2017.

[administration-7] "Padma Block". District administration. Retrieved 2010-04-17.

[8] "Red Terror over Jharkhand". Rajat Kumar Kujur. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[9] "Naxalite Movement in Bihar and Jharkhand". Dr. Sanjay K. Jha. Dialogue, April-June 2005. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[10] "Naxal Violence: New Structures and Old Woes in Jharkhand". Bibhu Prasad Routray. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[11] "13 focus areas identified in Jharkhand to check Maoist activities". Eenadu Jndia, 14 June 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[12] "Padma, India page". Falling Rain Genomics. Retrieved 2010-04-17.

[13] "District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Map on the fifth page. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[14] "CD Block/ Tehsil Map of Hazaribagh". Maps of India. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[15] "District Statistical Handbook, Hazaribag". Tables 2.2. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

[16] "District Hazaribagh – Facts and Figures". Demography. Jharkhand Government. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

[17] "District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Table 2, Page 31. Directorate of Census Opeartions, Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

[census2011-18] "2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

[19] "Jharkhand Police". Contact Number. Jharkhand Government. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

[20] "Official Website of Hazaribag District". Administration – Subdivision and Blocks. Jharkhand Government. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

[21] "Village Panchayat Names of PADMA,HAZARIBAGH,JHARKHAND". National Panchayat Directory, Panchayat Informatics Division, NIC. Retrieved 2010-04-17.

[22] "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand". Sr. No. 5, Sheet 2. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

[23] "Literacy in India". Census 2011. Census population 2015 data. Retrieved 8 October 2017.

[censusindia.gov.in-24] "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Page 110. Government of India. Retrieved 8 October 2017.

[langoff-25] "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[26] "Khortha demand for language teachers". The Telegraph, 22 November 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[27] "Second Language". India Today, 22 October 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[28] "Jharkhand Governor turns down language bill". Post/Jagran Josh, 19 October 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[lang-29] "District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 27. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[30] "District Census Handbook 2011 Hazaribagh, Series 21 Part XII A" (PDF). Table 30 and 34 Pages 51, 57-58. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[31] "District Census Handbook 2011 Hazaribag, Series 21 Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 24-25. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[32] "District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 575-579 Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[33] "District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 11-14. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[34] "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Retrieved 8 October 2017.

[35] "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[36] Google maps

[37] "PM Narendra Modi flags off Hazaribagh-Koderma DMU train". The Indian Express 20 February 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.

[38] "District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 579-580 Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[39] "District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 576-577 Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

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