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Twelve Heavenly Generals








Twelve Heavenly Generals


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Bhaisajyaguru Buddha (center) accompanied by one of the Twelve Heavenly Generals


In some Buddhist denominations, the Twelve Heavenly Generals or Twelve Divine Generals are the protective deities, or yaksha, of Bhaisajyaguru, the buddha of healing. They are introduced in the Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja Sūtra.[1]
They are collectively named as follows:



  • simplified Chinese: 十二神将; traditional Chinese: 十二神將; pinyin: Shí'èr Shén Jiāng


  • Japanese: Jūni Shinshō (十二神将) or Jūni Shinnō (十二神王) or Jūni Yakusha Taishō (十二薬叉大将)[2]



Contents





  • 1 Names of Generals


  • 2 Popular culture


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links




Names of Generals[edit]




One of the Twelve Heavenly Generals at the Tokyo National Museum.




Another one of the Twelve Heavenly Generals.


The names of the generals are:[2]






















































Sanskritkanji
romanized Japanese

Pinyin
Kumbhīra宮毘羅
金毘羅
Kubira
Kompira (Shinto)

Guānpíluò
Jīnpeíluò

Vajra伐折羅Basara, Bazara
Fázhéluò
Mihira迷企羅Mekira, Meikira
Míqǐluò
Aṇḍīra安底羅Anchira, Anteira
Āndǐluò
Anila頞儞羅Anira
Majira

Ènǐluò
Śāṇḍilya珊底羅Sanchira, Santeira
Shāndìluò
Indra因達羅
帝釈天
Indara
Taishakuten

Yīndàluò
Dìshìtiān

Pajra波夷羅Haira
Bōyìluò
Mahoraga摩虎羅
摩睺羅伽
Makora
Makura

Mòhǔluò
Mòhóuluòjiā

Kinnara真達羅Shintara, Kimnara
Shindūra

Zhēndàluò
Catura招杜羅Shōtora
Shatora

Zhāodùluò
Vikarāla毘羯羅Bikara
Bigyara

Píjiéluò

The goddess Marici, protector of warriors and protector against fire is sometimes worshipped as one of the Twelve Heavenly Generals.[2]



Popular culture[edit]




General Catura at Ngong Ping


  • Statues of the Twelve Heavenly Generals stand in Ngong Ping, Hong Kong.


See also[edit]


  • The Glossary of Japanese Buddhism for an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture.


References[edit]



  1. ^ Mary Neighbour Parent (2001). "JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System". Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology (online ed.). Retrieved 2009-04-20..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ abc Mark Schumacher. "12 Divine Generals of Yakushi Buddha". A to Z Photo Dictionary: Japanese Buddhist Statuary. Retrieved 2009-06-24.



External links[edit]


  • Album of 12Heavenly Generals at Ngong Ping


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Heavenly_Generals&oldid=849890191"





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