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Littoral zone From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore "Littoral" redirects here. For other uses, see Littoral (disambiguation). "Nearshore" redirects here. For the transfer of business or IT processes into a nearby country, see Nearshoring. Marine habitats Different disciplines and agencies divide the littoral zone into different subregions, according to how they want to view the zone. Littoral zone Intertidal zone Estuaries Kelp forests Coral reefs Ocean banks Continental shelf Neritic zone Straits Pelagic zone Oceanic zone Seamounts Hydrothermal vents Cold seeps Demersal zone Benthic zone v t e The littoral zone is the part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore. In coastal environments the littoral zone extends from the high water mark, which is rarely inundated, to shoreline areas that are permanently submerged. It al...

Lithophyte From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Nepenthes sp. Misool growing as a lithophyte in Raja Ampat, New Guinea Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks. Those that grow on rocks are also known as epipetric or epilithic plants. Lithophytes that grow on land feed off nutrients from rain water and nearby decaying plants, including their own dead tissue. Chasmophytes grow in fissures in rocks where soil or organic matter has accumulated. Examples of lithophytes include several Paphiopedilum orchids, ferns, many algae and liverworts. Species that only grow on rock or gravel are obligate lithophytes. Species that grow on rocky substrate and elsewhere are facultative lithophytes. Rock Felt Fern, Elkhorn fern, Birds Nest Fern and moss growing on Hawkesbury Sandstone at Chatswood West, Australia As nutrients tend to be rarely available to lithophytes or chasmophytes, many species of carnivorous ...

Holdfast From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other uses, see Holdfast (disambiguation). Holdfast torn from the sea floor by a storm Eocrinoid holdfasts on an Ordovician hardground in Utah. A holdfast is a root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate. [1] Holdfasts vary in shape and form depending on both the species and the substrate type. The holdfasts of organisms that live in muddy substrates often have complex tangles of root-like growths. These projections are called haptera and similar structures of the same name are found on lichens. The holdfasts of organisms that live in sandy substrates are bulb-like and very flexible, such as those of sea pens, thus permitting the organism to pull the entire body into the substrate when the holdfast is contracted. The holdfasts of organ...

Terete From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Look up terete in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Terete is a term used in botany to describe a cross section that is circular, or like a distorted circle, with a single surface wrapping around it. [1] This is usually contrasted with cross-sections that are flattened, with a distinct upper surface that is different from the lower surface. The cross-section of a branch in a tree is somewhat round, so the branch is terete. The cross section of a normal leaf has an upper surface, and a lower surface, so the leaf is not terete. However, the fleshy leaves of succulents are sometimes terete. Fruticose lichens are terete, with a roughly circular cross section and a single wrap-around skin-like surface called the cortex, compared to foliose lichens and crustose lichens, which have a flattened cross section with an upper surface that is distinct from the lower surface...

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