Sassolite


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Sassolite


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Photos of Sassolite (33)





Sassolite GallerySearch Photos of Sassolite


Edit Add SynonymClear CacheEdit 'Best-of' Discussion






Sassolite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy




Sassolite

Anna Mine, Alsdorf, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany




Sassolite

Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy







Sassolite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy




Sassolite

Anna Mine, Alsdorf, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany




Sassolite

Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy







Sassolite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy




Sassolite

Anna Mine, Alsdorf, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany





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About SassoliteHide


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View of the Sasso Pisano soffioni area, ca. 1920.

Sasso Pisano, Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Pisa Province, Tuscany, Italy




Formula:
H3BO3



Colour:
White to grey, occasionally colourless, yellow or brown.



Lustre:
Pearly



Hardness:
1



Specific Gravity:
1.46 - 1.5



Crystal System:
Triclinic



Name:
Named after its discovery locality, Sasso, Tuscany, Italy.



Type Locality:

ⓘ Sasso Pisano, Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Pisa Province, Tuscany, Italy





This page provides mineralogical data about Sassolite.




Classification of SassoliteHide


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IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)



Strunz 8th ed.:

4/F.01-10



Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:

6.AA.05

6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
A : BO3, without additional anions; 1(D).



Dana 8th ed.:

24.3.1.1

24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
3 : AmBn[XO3]p



Hey's CIM Ref.:

9.1.1

9 : Borates
1 : Borates of the alkalis and boric acid



Physical Properties of SassoliteHide


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Lustre:

Pearly



Transparency:

Transparent



Colour:

White to grey, occasionally colourless, yellow or brown.



Streak:

White



Hardness:

1 on Mohs scale



Cleavage:

Perfect
001 micaceous



Density:

1.46 - 1.5 g/cm3 (Measured)    1.48 g/cm3 (Calculated)



Optical Data of SassoliteHide


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Type:

Biaxial (-)



RI values:

nα = 1.340 nβ = 1.456 nγ = 1.459



2V:

Measured: 5° , Calculated: 16°


Max Birefringence:



δ = 0.119
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.




Surface Relief:

Moderate



Dispersion:

none



Chemical Properties of SassoliteHide


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Formula:

H3BO3



IMA Formula:

B(OH)3



Elements listed:


B, H, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry



Crystallography of SassoliteHide


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Crystal System:

Triclinic



Class (H-M):


1 - Pinacoidal



Space Group:


P1



Cell Parameters:

a = 7.02 Å, b = 7.06 Å, c = 6.59 Å
α = 103.65°, β = 101.11°, γ = 59.98°



Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.994 : 1 : 0.933



Unit Cell V:

273.72 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)



Morphology:

Tabular crystals 001, pseudohexagonal in development; rarely needle-lke [001]. Usually small scales; grouped in stalactitic forms at times. Coatings.



Twinning:

Common on twin axis [001].



X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide


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Image Loading



Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:

Tuscany, Italy 2442

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.




Type Occurrence of SassoliteHide


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Type Locality:


ⓘ Sasso Pisano, Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Pisa Province, Tuscany, Italy



Synonyms of SassoliteHide


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Boric Acid


Native Boracic Acid


Native Sedative Salt


Sal sedativum



Other Language Names for SassoliteHide


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Catalan:Sassolita


Dutch:Sassoliet


French:Acide boracique
Acide borique


German:Sassolin
Borsäure
Sassolit


Italian:Sassolite
Acido borico
Sale sedativo naturale


Latin:Acidum boracis


Polish:Sassolin


Russian:Сассолин


Spanish:Sassolita


Common AssociatesHide


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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:





Realgar
2 photos of Sassolite associated with Realgar on mindat.org.
Kremersite
1 photo of Sassolite associated with Kremersite on mindat.org.


Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide


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6.AA.15NordenskiöldineCaSn4+[BO3]2Trig. 3 : R3
6.AA.15TusioniteMn2+Sn4+[BO3]2Trig. 3 : R3
6.AA.35Jimboite(Mn2+,Mg)3[BO3]2Orth.
6.AA.35KotoiteMg3[BO3]2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
6.AA.40TakedaiteCa3[BO3]2Trig.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide


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9.1.2MetaboriteHBO2Iso.
9.1.3DiomigniteLi2[B4O7]Tet.
9.1.4BiringucciteNa2B5O8(OH) · H2OMon.
9.1.5NasiniteNa2[B5O8(OH)] · 2H2OOrth.
9.1.6KerniteNa2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
9.1.7EzcurriteNa4B10O17 · 7H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.1.8TincalconiteNa2(B4O7) · 5H2OTrig. 3 2 : R3 2
9.1.9BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
9.1.10AmeghiniteNa(H4B3O7)Mon.
9.1.11SborgiteNa[B5O6(OH)4] · 3H2OMon.
9.1.12AristarainiteNa2MgB12O20 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
9.1.13SantiteK[B5O6(OH)4] · 2H2OOrth.
9.1.14Larderellite(NH4)B5O7(OH)2 · H2OMon.
9.1.15Ammonioborite(NH4)2[B5O6(OH)4]2 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
9.1.16Rhodizite(K,Cs)Al4Be4(B,Be)12O28Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m

Other InformationHide


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Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.



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References for SassoliteHide


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Reference List:


Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)

Hofer, U.F. (1778) Memorie sopra il sale sedativo naturale di Toscana e del borace che da quello si compone. Firenze.

Mascagni, P. (1779) Dei lagoni del Senese e del Volterrano. Commentari. Siena.

Klaproth, M.H. (1802) Untersuchung des Sassolins, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Dritter Band, Rottmann Berlin: 95-101.

Karsten, D.L.G. (1808) Mineralogische Tabellen mit Rücksicht auf die neuesten Entdeckungen ausgearbeitet und mit erläuternden Anmerkungen versehen. H. A. Rottmann, Ed., Berlin: 105 pp. [sassolite at page 40].

Haushofer (1884) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 9: 77.

Zachariasen (1934) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 88: 150.

Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 662-663.

Zachariasen, W.H. (1954) The precise structure of orthoboric acid. Acta Crystallographica: 7: 305-310.

Smith, R.L. (1958) Some new occurrences of sassolite in the United States. American Mineralogist: 43: 1204-1205.

Grew, E.S., Anovitz, L. M. (eds) (2002) Boron: Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy: 33.



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Internet Links for SassoliteHide


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mindat.org URL:


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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

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    • Localities for SassoliteHide


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    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality.
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    [-32.7447222222,137.139444444,0,158,"Iron Monarch open cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia",0,"","1",""]
    ,[-22.3333333333,-68.0166666667,0,25957,"El Tatio geothermal field, El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile",0,"","1",""]
    ,[50.8669444444,6.14611111111,0,13825,"Anna Mine, Alsdorf, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany",0,"","1",""]
    ,[40.8216681741,14.4262523015,0,145740,"Mt Vesuvius, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy",0,"","1",""]
    ,[40.8333333333,14.4094444444,0,56924,"Atrio del Cavallo, Mt Vesuvius, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy",0,"","1",""]
    ,[40.8280555556,14.1416666667,0,2093,"Solfatara di Pozzuoli, Pozzuoli, Phlegrean Fields, Naples Province, Phlegrean Volcanic Complex, Campania, Italy",0,"","1",""]
    ,[40.8280555556,14.1416666667,0,271003,""Bocca Grande" fumarole, Solfatara di Pozzuoli, Pozzuoli, Phlegrean Fields, Naples Province, Phlegrean Volcanic Complex, Campania, Italy",0,"","1",""]
    ,[38.4,14.96,0,5552,"La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy",0,"","1",""]
    ,[38.038058593439,14.941717222776,0,171296,"Faraglione Nico, Faraglioni di Levante, Porto Levante, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy",0,"","1",""]
    ,[43.5,10.7083333334,33,26231,"Sasso Pisano, Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Pisa Province, Tuscany, Italy [estimated]",0,"","1",""]
    ,[43.2333333333,10.8666666667,0,2067,"Larderello, Pomarance, Pisa Province, Tuscany, Italy",0,"","1",""]
    ,[42.542595,140.864178,0,48512,"Showa-shinzan volcano, Usu-zan, Iburi Province, Hokkaido, Japan",0,"","1",""]
    ,[30.793,130.296,0,66903,"Satsuma-Ioujima, Mishima village, Kagoshima Prefecture, Nansei Archipelago, Kyushu Region, Japan",0,"","1",""]
    ,[30.7913888889,130.308055556,0,257505,"Main Crater, Iodake, Satsuma-Ioujima, Mishima village, Kagoshima Prefecture, Nansei Archipelago, Kyushu Region, Japan",0,"","1",""]
    ,[-15.7375,38.2527777778,0,21089,"Muiu00e2ne pegmatite, Alto Ligonha District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique",0,"","1",""]
    ,[12.424223,-86.531783,0,270121,"Momotombo volcano, Leu00f3n Department, Nicaragua",0,"","1",""]
    ,[51.057,114.834,0,67742,"Orlovka, Transbaikalia, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia",0,"","1",""]
    ,[52.448333,158.1975,0,5600,"Mutnovskoe, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia",0,"","1",""]
    ,[52.652222222222,158.2125,0,5601,"Rodnikovoe, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia",0,"","1",""]
    ,[50.685833333333,156.01388888889,0,258376,"Ebeco Volcano, Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands, Sakhalinskaya Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia",0,"","1",""]
    ,[37.629445,72.7130555555,126,25354,"Rangkul' pegmatite field, Rangkul' Highlands, Pamir Mts, Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan [estimated]",0,"","1",""]
    ,[36.4713888889,-116.844722222,0,78752,"East Coleman Mine, Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Inyo Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[36.3722222222,-116.766666667,0,27209,"Furnace Creek District, Inyo Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[36.3172222222,-116.668888889,0,29612,"Upper Biddy Mine, Biddy McCarthy Mines, Ryan, Furnace Creek District, Inyo Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[36.3958333333,-116.765555556,0,28329,"Mott prospect, Twenty Mule Team Canyon, Furnace Creek District, Inyo Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[36.3958333333,-116.783611111,0,34528,"South Meridian claim, Twenty Mule Team Canyon, Furnace Creek District, Inyo Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[35.0411111111,-117.687222222,0,80184,"Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, Kern Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[35.0344444444,-117.675555556,0,212304,"California Borate Company property, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, Kern Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[35.0444444444,-117.694444444,0,23409,"U.S. Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, Kern Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[35.0444444444,-117.694444444,0,6769,"Baker Mine, U.S. Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, Kern Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[35.0344,-117.67589,0,29611,"Mudd Mine, West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, Kern Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[38.8744444444,-122.688611111,0,219011,"Seigler Springs, Cobb, East Mayacmas District, Mayacmas Mts, Lake Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[39.0038888889,-122.665277778,0,3491,"Sulphur Bank Mine, Clear Lake Oaks, Sulphur Creek District, Lake Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[38.8019444444,-122.803055556,0,3575,"The Geysers, West Mayacmas District, Mayacmas Mts, Sonoma Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[40.2408333333,-122.110555556,0,96037,"Tuscan Springs, Bend, Tehama Co., California, USA",0,"","1",""]
    ,[40.663582628692,-119.66382407936,1,59986,"Steamboat Hot Springs, Steamboat Springs District, Washoe Co., Nevada, USA [estimated]",0,"","1",""]
    ,[22.098387096827,104.72070006245,0,294716,"Bai Cat, An Phu, Luc Yen, Yenbai Province, Vietnam",0,"","1",""]];

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    - This locality has map coordinates listed.
    - This locality has estimated coordinates.
    ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
    ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
    - Good crystals or important locality for species.
    - World class for species or very significant.
    (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
    (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).

    Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
    Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)


    All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.





































































































    Australia
     

    • South Australia
      • Eyre Peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		Australian Jour.Min. v.6, no. 1
    Chile
     

    • Antofagasta Region
      • El Loa Province
        • ⓘ El Tatio geothermal field
    		TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN CIENCIAS, MENCIÓN GEOLOGÍA MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE GEÓLOGO CONSTANZA BEATRIZ NICOLAU DEL ROURE EYLERTS, 2013
    Germany
     

    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Alsdorf
          • ⓘ Anna Mine
    		Sindern, S., Warnsloh, J. M., Witzke, T., Havenith, V., Neef, R. & Etoundi, Y. (2005): Mineralogy and geochemistry of vents formed on the burning coal mining waste dump Anna I, Alsdorf, Germany. Eur. J. Mineral. 17, Beih. 1, 130; Witzke, T., de Wit, F., Kolitsch, U. and Blaß, G. (2015): Mineralogy of the Burning Anna I Coal Mine Dump, Alsdorf, Germany. Chapter 7, pp. 203-240, in: Stracher, G. B., Prakash, A. and Sokol, E. V.: Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective, Volume 3: Case Studies - Coal Fires, Elsevier, 786 pp.
    India
     

    • Jammu and Kashmir
      • ⓘ Ladakh
    		Walter Schumann (2008) Minerals of the World: Second Edition
    Italy
     

    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
          • ⓘ Mt Vesuvius
    		Russo, M., 2006: I minerali di formazione fumarolica della grande eruzione vesuviana del 1906





            • ⓘ Atrio del Cavallo
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI


      • Phlegrean Volcanic Complex
        • Naples Province
          • Phlegrean Fields
            • Pozzuoli
              • ⓘ Solfatara di Pozzuoli
    		Scacchi, A. (1849): Memorie geologiche sulla Campania. Memoria III. Esame delle sustanze che si formato presso i fumaroli della regione flegrea. Rendiconti della Reale Accademia della Scienze di Napoli.







                • ⓘ "Bocca Grande" fumarole
    		- Russo, M., Campostrini, I., Demartin, F. (2017): I minerali di origine fumarolica dei Campi Flegrei: Solfatara di Pozzuoli (Napoli) e dintorni. Micro, 15, 122-192.

    • Sicily
      • Messina Province
        • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
          • Lipari
            • Vulcano Island
              • ⓘ La Fossa crater
    		HOLLAND, 1813. Jervis, G. (1881): I tesori sotterranei dell'Italia. Vol. 3: Regioni delle Isole. Sardegna e Sicilia. Addenda ai precedenti volumi. Loescher, Torino, XXII+539 pp.; Garavelli, A., Laviano, R., Vurro, F. (1997): Sublimate deposition from hydrothermal fluids at the Fossa Crater - Vulcano, Italy. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 2, 423-432.






              • Porto Levante
                • Faraglioni di Levante (Grotte dei Faraglioni; Grotte del Faraglione; "Grotte de Faraglione")
                  • ⓘ Faraglione Nico (Faraglione Piccolo; Faragghiune Nicu)
    		HOLLAND, 1813.

    • Tuscany
      • Pisa Province
        • Castelnuovo Val di Cecina
          • ⓘ Sasso Pisano (TL)
    		American Mineralogist (1957) 42, 56



        • Pomarance
          • ⓘ Larderello
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 366; S. Merlino, F. Sartori: Can. Mineral. 27:159-165 (1970)
    Japan
     

    • Hokkaido
      • Iburi Province
        • Usu-zan
          • ⓘ Showa-shinzan volcano (Usu-shinzan)
    		Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan)

    • Kyushu Region
      • Nansei Archipelago
        • Kagoshima Prefecture
          • Mishima village
            • ⓘ Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island)
    		Okano, T. (1962) Sassolite from Iwo-zima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture. Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 47, 188-189.






              • Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake)
                • ⓘ Main Crater
    		Okano, T. (1962) Sassolite from Iwo-zima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture. Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 47, 188-189.
    Mozambique
     

    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
        • ⓘ Muiâne pegmatite (Emdal Mines)
    		 Thomas, R., Davidson, P. (2010): Hambergite-rich melt inclusions in morganite crystals from the Muiane pegmatite, Mozambique and some remarks on the paragenesis of hambergite. - Mineralogy and Petrology, 100, 3-4, 227-23; Thomas, R., & Davidson, P. (2010). Hambergite-rich melt inclusions in morganite crystals from the Muiane pegmatite, Mozambique and some remarks on the paragenesis of hambergite. Mineralogy and Petrology, 100(3-4), 227-239.
    Nicaragua
     

    • León Department
      • ⓘ Momotombo volcano ?
    		Quisefit, J.P., Toutain, J.P., Bergametti, G., Javoy, M., Cheynet, B., Person, A. (1989): Evolution versus cooling of gaseous volcanic emissions from Momotombo Volcano, Nicaragua: Thermochemical model and observations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta: 53: 2591-2608
    Russia
     

    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • ⓘ Orlovka
    		Thomas, R., Davidson, P., & Badanina, E. (2009). A melt and fluid inclusion assemblage in beryl from pegmatite in the Orlovka amazonite granite, East Transbaikalia, Russia: implications for pegmatite-forming melt systems. Mineralogy and Petrology, 96(3-4), 129-140.

    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
        • ⓘ Mutnovskoe
    		[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]; Okrugin, V. M. (2004). Miocene to Quaternary center volcanic, hydrothermal and ore-forming activity in the Southern Kamchatka. In Metallogeny of the Pacific Northwest (Russian Far East)-Tectonics, Magmatism and Metallogeny of Active Continental Margin, Interim IAGOD Conference, Excursion Guidebook, Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 2004 (pp. 147-176).



        • ⓘ Rodnikovoe
    		[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p.163-180]


      • Sakhalinskaya Oblast'
        • Kuril Islands (Kurile Islands)
          • Paramushir Island
            • ⓘ Ebeco Volcano (Ebeko Volcano)
    		Shevko, E. P., Bortnikova, S. B., Abrosimova, N. A., Kamenetsky, V. S., Bortnikova, S. P., Panin, G. L., & Zelenski, M. (2018). Trace Elements and Minerals in Fumarolic Sulfur: The Case of Ebeko Volcano, Kuriles. Geofluids, 2018.
    Tajikistan
     

    • Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan (Viloyati Badakhshoni Kuni)
      • Pamir Mts
        • Rangkul' Highlands
          • ⓘ Rangkul' pegmatite field
    		 Thomas, R., Davidson, P. (2010): Hambergite-rich melt inclusions in morganite crystals from the Muiane pegmatite, Mozambique and some remarks on the paragenesis of hambergite. - Mineralogy and Petrology, 100, 3-4, 227-23
    USA
     

    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Death Valley
          • Furnace Creek
            • ⓘ East Coleman Mine
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 238, 254.



        • ⓘ Furnace Creek District (Furnace Creek Borate District; Death Valley Area Borate Deposits; Ryan area)
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 238.




          • Ryan
            • Biddy McCarthy Mines
              • ⓘ Upper Biddy Mine (Upper Biddy McCarthy Mine; Big Biddy Mine)
    		RRUFF Specimen R060496 - http://rruff.info/sassolite/names/asc/R060496




          • Twenty Mule Team Canyon
            • ⓘ Mott prospect (Mott Colemanite prospect; Mott open cut)
    		Allen, Robert D. & Henry C. Kramer (1957), Ginorite and sassolite from Death Valley, California, American Mineralogist: 42: 56-61; Erd, R.C., J.F. McAllister & H. Almond (1959), Gowerite, a new hydrous calcium borate from Death Valley, California: American Mineralogist: 44: 913; Schaller, Waldemar Theodore, et al (1965), American Mineralogist: 65: 629-640; McAllister, James Franklin (1970) Geology of the Furnace Creek borate area, Death Valley, Inyo County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology Map Sheet 14, 9 pp.; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 238.





            • ⓘ South Meridian claim
    		Am Min 64:3-4 pp 369-375; Erd, R.C., J.F. McAllister, and G.D. Eberlein (1979) New data on hungchaoite, the second world occurrence, Death Valley region, California. American Mineralogist: 64: 369-375.


      • Kern Co.
        • Kramer District (Kramer Borate District)
          • Boron
            • ⓘ Kramer Borate deposit
    		Cal Div of Mines & Geology "Mineral Information Service" V. 22 N. 10 Oct 1969






              • ⓘ California Borate Company property (Western Borax Mine; Western Mine)
    		Smith, George Irving, Hy Almond, & D.L. Sawyer, Jr. (1958), Sassolite from the Kramer borate district, California: American Mineralogist: 43: 1070; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 327, 333; Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer borate district, California California Division of Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 22: 166; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 238.






              • ⓘ U.S. Borax Mine (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax Co.; Boron Mine; Boron open pit; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corporation Mine; Kramer Mine; Kramer pit; Baker Mine)
    		Smith, George Irving, Hy Almond, & D.L. Sawyer, Jr. (1958), Sassolite from the Kramer borate district, California: American Mineralogist: 43: 1070; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 327; Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer borate district, California California Division of Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 22: 166; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 238.







                • ⓘ Baker Mine
    		 Donald E. Garrett (1998) Borates: Handbook of Deposits, Processing, Properties, and Use. Academic Press






              • West Baker
                • ⓘ Mudd Mine (Western Mine; Western shaft)


      • Lake Co.
        • Mayacmas Mts (Mayacamas Mts)
          • East Mayacmas District
            • Cobb
              • ⓘ Seigler Springs
    		Veatch, John Allen (1867), Discovery of borax in California, in Browne and Taylor, Mineral resources of the states and territories west of the Mississippi: 180; Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 54; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 238.



        • Sulphur Creek District (Sulfur Creek District; Wilbur Springs District)
          • Clear Lake Oaks
            • ⓘ Sulphur Bank Mine (Sulfur Bank Mine; Sulphur Bank deposits)


      • Sonoma Co.
        • Mayacmas Mts (Mayacamas Mts)
          • West Mayacmas District
            • ⓘ The Geysers
    		Smith, Robert Leland (1958), Some new occurrences of sassolite in the United States: American Mineralogist: 43: 1204; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 239; Dunning, G. S. & Cooper, J. F. (1993): History and minerals of The Geysers Sonoma County, California. Mineralogical Record: 24(5): 339-352.


      • Tehama Co.
        • Bend
          • ⓘ Tuscan Springs (Tuscan Mineral Springs; Lick Springs)
    		Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 69; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 239.

    • Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
        • Steamboat Springs District
          • ⓘ Steamboat Hot Springs
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Vietnam
     

    • Yenbai Province (Yen Bai Province)
      • Luc Yen
        • An Phu (Anfu)
          • ⓘ Bai Cat
    		Le Thi-Thu Huong (2017): Gem-quality danburite from the Luc Yen mining area, northern Viet Nam. Talk given on 9 June 2017 at Institute for Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Vienna.; Le Thi-Thu Huong, Kurt Krenn, Christoph Hauzenberger (2017): Sassolite- and CO2-H2O-bearing fluid inclusions in yellow danburite from Luc Yen, Vietnam. Journal of Gemmology, 35, 544-550.













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