突厥字母
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本条目需要擴充。(2017年10月24日) |
突厥字母 | |
---|---|
突厥文中「神」一詞的寫法(teñri) | |
类型 | 全音素文字 |
语言 | 古代突厥语 |
使用时期 | 约8至13世纪 |
母书写系统 | 腓尼基字母
|
子书写系统 | 古匈牙利字母 |
ISO 15924 | Orkh、175 |
书写方向 | 从右到左 |
Unicode范围 | U+10C00至U+10C4F |
注意:本页可能包含Unicode的国际音标。 |
突厥字母(Old Turkic script、Göktürk script)又稱鄂爾渾文字(Orkhon script)、鄂爾渾-葉尼塞文字(Orkhon-Yenisey script),是古突厥人创造并使用的一种文字。因其形似欧洲古代的如尼字母,故被称为突厥如尼字母。[來源請求]古突厥语最早的文字记录即是以突厥字母为载体的。8世纪的鄂尔浑碑铭(分布在鄂尔浑河流域的阙特勤碑、毗伽可汗碑等碑铭)与9世纪的叶尼塞碑铭(分布在叶尼塞河流域的一系列碑铭)均以这种文字完成。突厥字母从右往左书写,鄂尔浑碑铭与叶尼塞碑铭所使用的字母稍有不同。
目录
1 字符表
2 古代題刻
3 Unicode
4 註釋
5 參考文獻
6 外部連結
字符表
用途 | 符號 | 轉寫和標音 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
元音 | 𐰀 | A, E | .mw-parser-output .IPAfont-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visitedtext-decoration:none!important /a/, /e/ | |||||
𐰃 | I | /ɯ/, /i/, /j/ | ||||||
𐰆 | O, U | /u/, /o/, /w/ | ||||||
𐰇 | Ö, Ü | /ø/, /y/, /w/ | ||||||
輔音 | 和諧 | (¹)—與後元音 (²)—與前元音 | 𐰉 | 𐰋 | B¹ | /b/ | B² | /b/ |
𐰑 | 𐰓 | D¹ | /d/ | D² | /d/ | |||
𐰍 | 𐰏 | G¹ | /ɡ/ | G² | /ɡ/ | |||
𐰞 | 𐰠 | L¹ | /l/ | L² | /l/ | |||
𐰣 | 𐰤 | N¹ | /n/ | N² | /n/ | |||
𐰺 | 𐰼 | R¹ | /r/ | R² | /r/ | |||
𐰽 | 𐰾 | S¹ | /s/ | S² | /s/ | |||
𐱃 | 𐱅 | T¹ | /t/ | T² | /t/ | |||
𐰖 | 𐰘 | Y¹ | /j/ | Y² | /j/ | |||
只與(¹)— Q 只與(²)— K | 𐰴 | 𐰚 | Q | /q/ | K | /k/ | ||
與所有元音 | 𐰲 | -Ç | /tʃ/ | |||||
𐰢 | -M | /m/ | ||||||
𐰯 | -P | /p/ | ||||||
𐱁 | -Ş | /ʃ/ | ||||||
𐰕 | -Z | /z/ | ||||||
𐰭 | -NG | /ŋ/ | ||||||
集簇 | +元音 | 𐰱 | IÇ, ÇI, Ç | /itʃ/, /tʃi/, /tʃ/ | ||||
𐰶 | IQ, QI, Q | /ɯq/, /qɯ/, /q/ | ||||||
𐰸 | 𐰜 | OQ, UQ, QO, QU, Q | /oq/, /uq/, /qo/, /qu/, /q/ | ÖK, ÜK, KÖ, KÜ, K | /øk/, /yk/, /kø/, /ky/, /k/ | |||
+輔音 | 𐰨 | -NÇ | /ntʃ/ | |||||
𐰪 | -NY | /ɲ/ | ||||||
𐰡 | -LT | /lt/, /ld/ | ||||||
𐰦 | -NT | /nt/, /nd/ | ||||||
詞分隔符號 | : | 無 | ||||||
(-)—只在詞尾 |
古代題刻
Unicode
Unicode 6.0標準給古突厥文分配的範圍是U+10C00至U+10C4F。
現在支援這些字元的字體有 Windows 10 內建的 Segoe UI Historic[1]、Google 開發的 Noto Sans Old Turkic 以及 BabelStone Irk Bitig[2]。
古突厥文[1] Unicode.org chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+10C0x | 𐰀 | 𐰁 | 𐰂 | 𐰃 | 𐰄 | 𐰅 | 𐰆 | 𐰇 | 𐰈 | 𐰉 | 𐰊 | 𐰋 | 𐰌 | 𐰍 | 𐰎 | 𐰏 |
U+10C1x | 𐰐 | 𐰑 | 𐰒 | 𐰓 | 𐰔 | 𐰕 | 𐰖 | 𐰗 | 𐰘 | 𐰙 | 𐰚 | 𐰛 | 𐰜 | 𐰝 | 𐰞 | 𐰟 |
U+10C2x | 𐰠 | 𐰡 | 𐰢 | 𐰣 | 𐰤 | 𐰥 | 𐰦 | 𐰧 | 𐰨 | 𐰩 | 𐰪 | 𐰫 | 𐰬 | 𐰭 | 𐰮 | 𐰯 |
U+10C3x | 𐰰 | 𐰱 | 𐰲 | 𐰳 | 𐰴 | 𐰵 | 𐰶 | 𐰷 | 𐰸 | 𐰹 | 𐰺 | 𐰻 | 𐰼 | 𐰽 | 𐰾 | 𐰿 |
U+10C4x | 𐱀 | 𐱁 | 𐱂 | 𐱃 | 𐱄 | 𐱅 | 𐱆 | 𐱇 | 𐱈 | | ||||||
註釋
|
註釋
^ MSDN: Script and Font Support in Windows
^ BabelStone Fonts: BabelStone Irk Bitig
參考文獻
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Diringer, David. The Alphabet: a Key to the History of Mankind, New York: Philosophical Library, 1948, pp. 313–315- Erdal, Marcel. 2004. A grammar of Old Turkic. Leiden & Boston: Brill.
- Faulmann, Carl. 1990 (1880). Das Buch der Schrift. Frankfurt am Main: Eichborn. ISBN 3-8218-1720-8 (德文)
- Février, James G. Histoire de l’écriture, Paris: Payot, 1948, pp. 311–317 (法文)
- Ishjatms, N. "Nomads In Eastern Central Asia", in the "History of civilizations of Central Asia", Volume 2, UNESCO Publishing, 1996, ISBN 92-3-102846-4
Jensen, Hans. Sign Symbol and Script. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. 1970. ISBN 0-04-400021-9. .- Kara, György. 1996. “Aramaic scripts for Altaic languages”, in Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, eds. The world’s writing systems. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507993-0
- Kyzlasov, I.L. "Runic Scripts of Eurasian Steppes", Moscow, Eastern Literature, 1994, ISBN 5-02-017741-5
- Malov, S.E. 1951, Pamjatniki Drevnitjurkskoj Pisʹmennosti (Памятники Древнитюркской Письменности), Moskva & Leningrad. (俄文)
- Muxamadiev, Azgar. (1995). Turanian Writing (Туранская Письменность). In Zakiev, M. Z.(Ed.), Problemy lingvoėtnoistorii tatarskogo naroda (Проблемы лингвоэтноистории татарского народа). Kazan: Akademija Nauk Tatarstana. (俄文)
- Róna-Tas, A. 1991. An introduction to Turkology. Szeged.
- Scharlipp, Wolfgang Ekkehard. 2000. Eski Türk run yazıtlarına giris ̧: ders kitabı = An introduction to the Old Turkish Runic inscriptions: A textbook in English and Turkish. Engelschoff: Auf dem Ruffel. ISBN 978-3-933847-00-3
- Tekin, Talat. A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic. Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 69 (Bloomington/The Hague: Mouton, 1968)
- Thomsen, Vilhelm. Inscriptions de l’Orkhon déchiffrées, Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, Helsinki Toimituksia, no. 5 Helsingfors: La société de literature Finnoise [1] (法文)
- Vasilʹiev, D.D. Korpus tjurkskix runičeskix pamjatnikov Bassina Eniseja [Corpus of the Turkic Runic Monuments of the Yenisei Basin], Leningrad: USSR Academy of Science, 1983 (俄文)
- von Gabain, A. 1941. Alttürkische Grammatik mit Bibliographie, Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, auch Neutürkisch. Mit vier Schrifttafeln und sieben Schriftproben. (Porta Linguarum Orientalium; 23) Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz. (德文)
外部連結
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:突厥字母 |
- Orkhon Inscriptions in Old Turkic Alphabet Unicode
- Türk bitig - Old Turkic inscriptions, Texts, Translations
- Orkhon Alphabet page from Omniglot
- Gokturkish Keyboard by Isa SARI
glyph table (kyrgyz.ru)
Bilgitay Orhun Writer (An online converter for Latin alphabet based texts to Orhun Abece.)
Michael Everson's Proposal for encoding the Old Turkic script in Unicode
Хөх Түрүгийн Бичиг (in Mongolian)
Göktürk Orhun Öz Türk Yazısını Öğrenme Kılavuzu (in Turkish)
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