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Aftermath of the Grand Hotel bombing in Brighton (1984) which was targeted at British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, the result of a time bomb which had been placed in the hotel nearly a month before it detonated. Thatcher escaped harm, though 5 others perished and 31 were injured.


A time bomb (or a timebomb, time-bomb) is a bomb whose detonation is triggered by a timer. The use (or attempted use) of time bombs has been for various purposes including insurance fraud, terrorism, assassination, sabotage and warfare. They are a popular feature in fictional thriller and action films as they offer a way of imparting a dramatic sense of urgency.




Contents





  • 1 Construction


  • 2 Types


  • 3 List of notable incidents involving time bombs


  • 4 Time bombs in fiction


  • 5 See also


  • 6 References




Construction[edit]




Diagram of a simple time bomb in the form of a pipe bomb


The explosive charge is the main component of any bomb, and makes up most of the size and weight of it. It is the damaging element of the bomb (along with any fragments or shrapnel the explosion might produce with its container or neighboring objects). The explosive charge is detonated by a detonator.


A time bomb's timing mechanism may be professionally manufactured, either separately or as part of the device, or it may be improvised from an ordinary household timer such as a wind-up alarm clock, wrist watch, digital kitchen timer, or notebook computer. The timer can be programmed to count up or count down (usually the latter; as the bomb detonates when the time runs out).



Types[edit]


Types of time bombs include:



  • Delay-action bomb (bombs dropped by aircraft with a delay to increase damage/disruption)


  • Improvised explosive device ("home-made" bombs with a delay to allow the person placing the bomb to escape)


  • Limpet mine (attached to enemy ships by naval divers)


List of notable incidents involving time bombs[edit]





































































































































































































































































Year
Event
Location
Perpetrator(s)
Deaths
Injuries
Comments
1864

Confederate sabotage of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s headquarters
City Point, Virginia
John Maxwell of the Confederate Secret Service
43 to 300
125
Maxwell called his device a "clockwork torpedo"; placed on an ammunition barge, it detonated 30,000 artillery shells[1]
1875

Attack on the Mosel (ship)

Bremerhaven

Alexander Keith, Jr.
80 or 83
200
Bomb set for insurance fraud purposes; detonated prematurely
1880

Winter Palace bombing
Saint Petersburg

Narodnaya Volya
11
30
Attempted assassination of Tsar Alexander II
1881-1885

Fenian dynamite campaign
Great Britain
Fenians
3 (bombers who died when bomb went off early)
100
Irish nationalist campaign led by Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
1910

Los Angeles Times bombing
Los Angeles
John J. McNamara and James B. McNamara
21
100
Union-related action
1915

Muenter Attack Spree
Washington DC, New York City
German nationalist Eric Muenter
0
1
Set time bombs in United States Capitol, SS Minnehaha, and shot J. P. Morgan, Jr. against selling arms to Germany's enemies
1916

Preparedness Day Bombing
San Francisco
Labor leaders
10
40
Isolationist political action
1920

Wall Street bombing
New York City
Anarchists (suspected)
38
400
Followed other bombings in 1919
1939

Bürgerbräukeller
Munich

Georg Elser
7
63
Assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler
1942

St Nazaire Raid
St Nazaire, France (wartime)
Royal Navy, British Commandos
590
unknown
To damage port facilities being used by enemy forces
1944

July Plot
Wolf's Lair, Poland (wartime)
German Resistance
4
?
Failed assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler
1955

United Airlines Flight 629
over Longmont, Colorado, USA

Jack Gilbert Graham
44
0
Murder; insurance fraud
1956
Milk Bar, Place Bugeaud,
Cafeteria, Rue Michelet,
Air France office (failed to detonate)
Algiers, French Algeria

Djamila Bouhired
Zohra Drif
Samia Lakhdari
3
50
Reprisal bombings at start of the Algerian War, September 30, 1956[2] Part of the so-called Café Wars
1963-1971

FLQ bombings
Canada

Front de libération du Québec
None
1 (Army officer Walter Leja)
Series of politically motivated bombings (timed and non-timed devices) and other activities
1969-1976

Weatherman bombings
United States

Weather Underground
1 unconfirmed; 3 bombers (premature)
3 confirmed; 1 unconfirmed
Series of politically motivated bombings (timed and non-timed devices) and other activities including jailbreaks and riots
1972

Aldershot Bombing
Aldershot, UK

Official IRA
7
18
A 280 lb time bomb in a car
1974

M62 Coach Bombing
West Yorkshire

Provisional IRA
12
38
Continuing anti-British campaign
1974

Birmingham pub bombings
Birmingham, UK
IRA (suspected)
21
182
Continuing anti-British campaign
1974

Guildford pub bombings
Guildford, UK
IRA
5
65
Targeted against Army personnel
1977

Lucona sinking
Indian Ocean

Udo Proksch
6
6
Attempted insurance fraud
1984

Brighton hotel bombing
Brighton, UK
IRA
5
31
Attempt to assassinate PM Margaret Thatcher
1985

Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior

Auckland, New Zealand
French DGSE
1
0
Two limpet mines, set to detonate 10 minutes apart
1985

Air India Flight 182 and 1985 Narita International Airport bombing
Atlantic Ocean, Tokyo Narita Airport

Babbar Khalsa Khalistan separatists
331
4
Bombing of two 747 flights with alarm clock and dynamite hidden in radio tuner
1987

Korean Air Flight 858
Andaman Sea
North Korea
115 (all)
0
State terrorism against South Korea
1987

Remembrance Day bombing
Enniskillen, Northern Ireland
IRA
12
63
Continuing anti-British campaign
1988

Pan Am flight 103
Above Lockerbie, Scotland
Libya
270
0
Reprisal against UK & US
1989

Deal barracks bombing
Deal, Kent, UK
IRA
11
21
Targeted against military personnel
1993

World Trade Center bombing

New York City

Ramzi Yousef
6
1,042
Truck bomb used 20 ft fuse for twelve-minute delay, intended to collapse both towers.
1994

Philippine Airlines Flight 434
Between Cebu and Tokyo

Ramzi Yousef
1
10
Blast missed fuel tank, killed one passenger and damaged control systems but pilot was able to land. Yousef bombed World Trade Center in 1993
1995

Oklahoma City bombing

Oklahoma City

Timothy McVeigh
168
683
Deadliest domestic terror attack in the United States.
1996

Centennial Olympic Park bombing
Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Eric Rudolph
1
111
Politically motivated anti-abortionist; occurred during 1996 Summer Olympics.
1998

Omagh bombing
Omagh, Northern Ireland

Real IRA
29
220
Worst single incident loss of life during the anti-British campaign.
1999

Columbine High School massacre

Columbine, Colorado

Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold
15
24
Bombs did not explode, and were not the cause of any of the deaths or injuries.[3]
1999

Russian apartment bombings
Buynaksk
Moscow
Volgodonsk
unknown
293
651
4 bombs over 4 days; purpose unknown.
2003

Murder of Brian Wells
Erie Pennsylvania
Marjorie Diehl-Armstrong
Kenneth Barnes
1

Silence witness to froced bank robbery; timed body bomb
2006

Moscow market bombing
Moscow
Racialist organization
13
46
Racially motivated attack


Time bombs in fiction[edit]


Time bombs are common plot devices used in action/thriller TV series, cartoons, films and video games, where the hero often escapes the blast area or defuses the bomb at the last second. Many fictional time bombs are improvised, and usually involve a beeping sound with a large prominent countdown timer (on rare occasions, the timer will count up).[citation needed]


Such fictional appearances include:



  • Kojak, Knight Rider, MacGyver, Get Smart, Men in Black: The Series, 24, Sonic X, Hogan's Heroes, VR Troopers, and Walker, Texas Ranger on television;


  • Goldfinger, Die Hard with a Vengeance, The Hindenburg, The Mask, The Peacemaker, 3 Ninjas: High Noon at Mega Mountain, Battle Royale, Battle Royale 2: Requiem, and New Police Story in film;


  • Counter-Strike, Sonic Adventure 2, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, Red Faction, Halo, F-Zero GX, Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory, Trauma Center: Under The Knife, Trauma Center Second Opinion, and Call of Duty: Black Ops 2 in video games.

  • Music artists including The Old 97's, Dave Matthews Band, Chumbawamba, Godsmack, The Format, Rancid, Buckcherry, The Dismemberment Plan, Faber Drive, Beck, and Kylie Minogue have songs titled "Time bomb" or "Timebomb".

  • The popular Super NES video game Chrono Trigger takes its name from the timer-detonator assembly of a time bomb, although the game itself has nothing to do with time bombs but with time travel instead.


See also[edit]


  • Bomb disposal

  • Fuse (explosives)


  • Ticking time bomb scenario (hypothetical justification of torture)

  • Software time bomb


References[edit]










  1. ^ Grady, John (August 15, 2014). "The Confederate Torpedo". New York Times. New York Times. New York Times. Retrieved 1 September 2015..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ Gannon, James (2008). Military occupations in the age of self-determination: The history neocons neglected (PDF). Westport CT: Praeger Security International,. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-313-35382-6. Retrieved 21 February 2015.


  3. ^ "10 years later, the real story behind Columbine". April 14, 2009.










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