Portal:Earth sciences
Portal:Earth sciences
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The Earth Sciences Portal
Introduction
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. It is the branch of science dealing with the physical constitution of the earth and its atmosphere. Earth science is the study of our planet’s physical characteristics, from earthquakes to raindrops, and floods to fossils. Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science, but with a much older history. “Earth science” encompasses four main branches of study, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere, each of which is further broken down into more specialized fields.
There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences. It is also the study of the Earth and its neighbors in space. Some Earth scientists use their knowledge of the Earth to locate and develop energy and mineral resources. Others study the impact of human activity on Earth's environment, and design methods to protect the planet. Some use their knowledge about Earth processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and hurricanes to plan communities that will not expose people to these dangerous events.
The Earth sciences can include the study of geology, the lithosphere, and the large-scale structure of the Earth's interior, as well as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Typically, Earth scientists use tools from geography, chronology, physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how the Earth works and evolves. Earth science affects our everyday lives. For example, meteorologists study the weather and watch for dangerous storms. Hydrologists study water and warn of floods. Seismologists study earthquakes and try to predict where they will strike. Geologists study rocks and help to locate useful minerals. Earth scientists mainly work “in the field”—climbing mountains, exploring the seabed, crawling through caves, or wading in swamps. They measure and collect samples (such as rocks or river water), then they record their findings on charts and maps. Read more...
Selected article
The Chicxulub crater (/ˈtʃiːkʃʊluːb/; Mayan: [tʃʼikʃuluɓ]) is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Its center is located near the town of Chicxulub, after which the crater is named. It was formed by a large asteroid or comet about 10 to 15 kilometres (6.2 to 9.3 miles) in diameter, the Chicxulub impactor, striking the Earth. The date of the impact coincides precisely with the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–Pg boundary), slightly less than 66 million years ago, and a widely accepted theory is that worldwide climate disruption from the event was the cause of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, a mass extinction in which 75% of plant and animal species on Earth became extinct, including all non-avian dinosaurs.
The crater is estimated to be 150 kilometres (93 miles) in diameter and 20 km (12 mi) in depth, well into the continental crust of the region of about 10–30 km (6.2–18.6 mi) depth. It is the second largest confirmed impact structure on Earth and the only one whose peak ring is intact and directly accessible for scientific research. Read more...
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Did you know?
- ... that a world map by Gerardus Mercator attributes the Earth's magnetic field to a magnetic mountain (pictured) above the Arctic Circle?
- ... that a team of archaeologists discovered a fossilized Han Solo in the rocks of China?
- ... that forest rings had gone unnoticed by geologists until aerial photography became a common surveying tool in the 1950s?
- ... that two researchers have argued that some cobbles should be called "very small boulders"?
- ... that swarms of dykes have intruded into Uruguay?
- ... that precarious rock formations were evaluated to estimate the peak ground acceleration of the 1952 Kern County earthquake?
Selected image
Erg Chebbi (Arabic: عرج شبّي) is the sole Saharan erg in Morocco. It is 22 km long (North-South) and 5 km wide. Its dunes reach a maximum height of 150 meters. It is located roughly 40 kilometers south-east of Erfoud. The local center for tourists is the village of Merzouga.
In the news
1 November 2018 – Lion Air Flight 610- Indonesian divers retrieve the flight data recorder from the ocean near Karawang, Indonesia, where the plane had crashed three days prior. (Reuters)
29 October 2018 – Lion Air Flight 610- A Boeing 737, en route from Jakarta to Pangkal Pinang, crashes into the ocean near Karawang, Indonesia, killing all one hundred eighty-one passengers and eight crew. (The Straits Times)
28 October 2018 – Private spaceflight
Beijing-based private development space launch company LandSpace's three-stage rocket, Zhuque-1, carrying a satellite named Future built for state media China Central Television, fails to reach orbit. (Reuters)
26 October 2018 – 2018 Gaza border protests
Israel responds to 40 Palestinian rockets with 80 air strikes on what Israel states are Iranian and Hamas-controlled weapon factories in Gaza. An Egypt-meditated ceasefire is announced by Islamic Jihad soon afterward. (Reuters)
24 October 2018 – 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami- Authorities lower the casualty numbers for the September 28 earthquake and tsunami to 2,256 dead, 10,679 injured, and 1,075 still missing. (reliefweb)
21 October 2018 – Earthquakes in Canada, Earthquakes in 2018- Three large earthquakes measuring between magnitude 6.5 and magnitude 6.8 strike near Vancouver Island. No tsunami warning is issued. (Global News) (Spokesman)
Things you can do
- Edit an Earth sciences article
- Whether you are an expert or a novice, be bold, improve an article by editing it. If you're not sure how to do it, practice in the sandbox.
- Add new articles:
- Geology of Africa
- John H. Roscoe
- G.D. Blodgett
- Cross section (geology)
- Strunzite
- Koscierzyna borehole
- Versoyen unit
- Magnetic chronozone
- Fleischerite
- Mineralogical Association of Canada
- Phosphosiderite
- Menezesite
- Yuanshan Formation
- Berzeliite
- Sartorite
- Sorosite
- Colusite
- Internal Valais
- Cernyite
- David J. Siveter
- Johnbaumite
- Aonia Terra
- Moûtiers unit
- Join one of the WikiProjects listed below.
- Watch its talk page for earth science-related issues on Wikipedia.
- Improve this portal
- Add to the Did you know list.
- Add new Selected articles and Selected pictures to the queues.
- See Contributing to Wikipedia for more ideas.
WikiProjects
- Earth science
Caves
Climate change
Earthquakes
Geology
Glaciers
Mountains
Paleontology
Rocks and Minerals
Soil
Meteorology
Tropical Cyclones
- See also
Volcanoes
Geography
Maps
History of Science
Science
Quality content
- Climate change (More...)
Global warming
· Rachel Carson
· Retreat of glaciers since 1850
- Earthquakes (More...)
1949 Ambato earthquake
· 1968 Illinois earthquake
· 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
· 1997 Qayen earthquake
· 2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake
· 2005 Qeshm earthquake
· 2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes
- Volcanoes (More...)
1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
· 2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes
· Amchitka
· Armero tragedy
· Calabozos
· Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)
· Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
· David A. Johnston
· Geology of the Lassen volcanic area
· Loihi Seamount
· Mauna Kea
· Mauna Loa
· Metacomet Ridge
· Mono–Inyo Craters
· Mount Cayley volcanic field
· Mount St. Helens
· Mount Tambora
· Nevado del Ruiz
· Surtsey
· The Volcano (British Columbia)
· Upper and Lower Table Rock
· Volcano (South Park)
· Yellowstone National Park
- Other geology (More...)
Mary Anning
· Archaea
· Archaeopteryx
· Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)
· Bryce Canyon National Park
· Calabozos
· Chicxulub crater
· Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
· Charles Darwin
· Earth
· Ediacara biota
· Geology of the Bryce Canyon area
· Geology of the Capitol Reef area
· Geology of the Death Valley area
· Geology of the Grand Canyon area
· Geology of the Lassen volcanic area
· Geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area
· Global warming
· Iridium
· Oil shale
· The Volcano (British Columbia)
· Toronto Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory
· Volcanology of Io
· Yellowstone National Park
- Geography (More...)
Antarctica
· Australia
· Bryce Canyon National Park
· Carlsbad Caverns National Park
· Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
· Death Valley National Park
· Geography of India
· Geography of Ireland
· National parks of England and Wales
· Niagara Falls
· Rondane National Park
· Shoshone National Forest
· Yellowstone National Park
· Yosemite National Park
· Zion National Park
1941 Atlantic hurricane season
· 1991 Atlantic hurricane season
· 1995 Pacific hurricane season
· 1998 Pacific hurricane season
· 2002 Atlantic hurricane season
· 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
· Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
· Hurricane Isabel
· Lists of Florida hurricanes
· Lists of North Carolina hurricanes
· Retired Pacific hurricanes
Views of Earth from space and satellites · GeologyBaja California Peninsula hurricanes
· California hurricanes
· Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
· Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
· Delaware hurricanes
· Florida hurricanes
· Florida hurricanes (pre-1900)
· Florida hurricanes (1900–1949)
· Florida hurricanes (1950–1974)
· Florida hurricanes (1975–1999)
· Florida hurricanes (2000–present)
· Largest volcanic eruptions
· New Jersey hurricanes
· New York hurricanes
· North Carolina hurricanes
· North Carolina hurricanes (pre-1900)
· North Carolina hurricanes (1900–1949)
· North Carolina hurricanes (1950–1979)
· North Carolina hurricanes (1980–present)
· Retired Pacific hurricane names
· Retired Pacific typhoon names (JMA)
· Sites of special scientific interest in Cornwall
· Snow events in Florida
· South America tropical cyclones
· Storms in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
· Storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
· Timeline of the far future
· United States hurricanes
· volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain
· Volcanoes in Indonesia
· Wettest tropical cyclones in the United States
Related topics
For a more comprehensive treatment of topics, see Outline of earth science and Index of earth science articles
| Atmosphere | Hydrosphere | Lithosphere |
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| Biosphere | Systems | Others |
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Earth sciences • |
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Earthquakes
Geography
Global warming
Sustainable development
Tropical cyclones
Volcanoes
Weather
History of science
Philosophy of science
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Mathematics
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