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United States third-party and independent presidential candidates, 2016








United States third-party and independent presidential candidates, 2016


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United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016




← 2012


2020 →









This article contains lists of official and potential third party and independent candidates associated with the 2016 United States presidential election.


"Third party" is a term commonly used in the United States in reference to political parties other than the two major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. An independent candidate is one who runs for office with no formal party affiliation.


Ballot access in states holding 270 or more electoral votes represents a majority of the 538 electoral votes in the Electoral College. The number of electoral votes for which a party or independent candidate has secured ballot access may increase as those parties or candidates complete their petitions, and filings for ballot access, until September 2016 when the last petition deadlines occur.[1]


According to the Green Papers website, 31 people were on the ballot in at least one state, while 192, including those who were on ballots in some states, obtained recognition as official "write-in" candidates.[2]




Contents





  • 1 Summary


  • 2 Candidates

    • 2.1 Gary Johnson, Libertarian Party

      • 2.1.1 Poll Standings


      • 2.1.2 Party nomination contest



    • 2.2 Jill Stein, Green Party

      • 2.2.1 Poll standings


      • 2.2.2 Party nomination contest



    • 2.3 Evan McMullin, Better for America Group and others


    • 2.4 Darrell Castle, Constitution Party

      • 2.4.1 Poll standings


      • 2.4.2 Nomination contest



    • 2.5 Gloria La Riva, multiple parties

      • 2.5.1 Party for Socialism and Liberation


      • 2.5.2 Liberty Union Party (Vermont)


      • 2.5.3 Peace and Freedom Party



    • 2.6 Rocky De La Fuente, American Delta and Reform Parties, plus others

      • 2.6.1 Poll Standings


      • 2.6.2 American Delta party nomination


      • 2.6.3 Reform party nomination



    • 2.7 Richard Duncan, Independent


    • 2.8 Bernie Sanders


    • 2.9 Dan Vacek, Legal Marijuana Now Party


    • 2.10 Alyson Kennedy, Socialist Workers Party


    • 2.11 Chris Keniston, Veterans Party of America


    • 2.12 Mike Maturen, American Solidarity Party


    • 2.13 James Hedges, Prohibition Party


    • 2.14 Tom Hoefling, America's Party


    • 2.15 Monica Moorehead, Workers World Party


    • 2.16 Peter Skewes, American Party (South Carolina)


    • 2.17 Laurence Kotlikoff, Independent


    • 2.18 Rocky Giordani, Independent American Party


    • 2.19 Emidio "Mimi" Soltysik, Socialist Party USA


    • 2.20 Rod Silva, Nutrition Party


    • 2.21 Jerry White, Socialist Equality Party



  • 3 Other candidate considerations

    • 3.1 American Independent and other fusion tickets

      • 3.1.1 Conservative party nomination in New York


      • 3.1.2 Working Families party nomination in New York


      • 3.1.3 Woman's Equality party nomination in New York


      • 3.1.4 American Independent Party nomination in California



    • 3.2 No ballot access


    • 3.3 Write-in candidates

      • 3.3.1 Non-notable candidates



    • 3.4 Previously speculated


    • 3.5 Withdrew


    • 3.6 Declined



  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links




Summary[edit]



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































2016 U.S. Presidential Election Results

for candidates that got at least 1000 votes or were on at least one state ballot
State
Hillary Clinton
Donald Trump
Gary Johnson
Jill Stein
Evan McMullin
Darrell Castle
Bernie Sanders
Gloria
La Riva
Rocky
De La Fuente
Richard Duncan
Dan Vacek
Alyson Kennedy
Mike Smith
Chris Keniston

Mike Maturen
Lynn Kahn
James Hedges
Tom Hoefling
Monica Moorehead
Peter Skewes
L. Kotlikoff
Rocky Giordani
Emidio Soltysik
Scott Copeland
Kyle Kopitke
Joseph Maldonado
Rod Silva
Kadijah Jacob
Ryan Scott
Jerry White
Bradford Lyttle
Frank Atwood
undisclosed
write-ins
Source
Democratic
Republican
Libertarian
Green

Constitution

Socialism
and Liberation
Reform

Legal Marijuana Now
Socialist Workers

Veterans

American Solidarity

Prohibition
America's
Workers World
American

Independent American
Socialist
Constitution Idaho


Nutrition
Revolu-
tionary

Socialist Equality
US Pacifist
Approval Voting
Alabama
729,5471,318,25544,4679,39121,712
[3]
Alaska
116,454163,38718,7255,7353,8661,2409,201
[4]
Arizona
1,161,1671,252,401106,32734,345
[5]
Arkansas
380,494684,87213,2559,4734,6133,3904,709
[6]
California
8,753,7884,483,810478,500278,65739,59679,34166,1011,31684
[7]
Colorado
1,338,8701,202,484144,12138,43728,91711,6995311,2554521,8195,0288621857103922711,096872751749382337
[8]
Connecticut
897,572673,21548,67622,8412,108147411212314234
[9]
Delaware
221,608175,16214,0455,868
[10]
Florida
4,504,9754,617,886207,04364,39916,4759,1082574
[11]
Georgia
1,877,9632,089,104125,3067,67413,0171,110531517034284
[12]
Hawaii
266,891128,84715,95412,7374,508
[13]
Idaho
189,765409,05528,3318,49646,4764,4031,3732,356
[14]
Illinois
3,090,7292,146,015209,59676,80211,6551,1381758220
[15]
Indiana
1,033,1261,557,286133,9937,8411,41321252694957
[16]
Iowa
653,669800,98359,18611,47912,3665,3553234512,2462,24717,746
[17]
Kansas
427,005671,01855,40623,5066,5206467362142345
[18]
Kentucky
628,8541,202,97153,75213,91322,7804381,128292215539824
[19]
Louisiana
780,1541,178,63837,97814,0318,5473,1294464801,8811,5811,048749370
[20]
Maine
357,735335,59338,10514,2511,88733316
[21]
Maryland
1,677,928943,16979,60535,9459,6305664814181350418542736121133,263
[22]
Massachusetts
1,995,1961,090,893138,01847,6612,719152850,488
[23]
Michigan
2,268,8392,279,543172,13651,4638,17716,1395179530872,209
[24]
Minnesota
1,367,7161,322,951112,97236,98553,0769,456121,431111,2911,672331244281715
[25]
Mississippi
485,131700,71414,4353,7313,987644715
[26]
Missouri
1,071,0681,594,51197,35925,4197,07113,09264887
[27]
Montana
177,709279,24028,0377,9702,2972961,57011071
[28]
Nebraska
273,185485,37237,5778,337
[29]
Nevada
539,260512,05837,3845,2682,552
[30]
New Hampshire
348,526345,79030,7776,4961,0644,4936782,411
[31]
New Jersey
2,148,2781,601,93372,47737,7726,1611,6821,8382,1561,749
[32]
New Mexico
385,234319,66674,5419,8795,8251,5141,184475
[33]
New York
4,665,7403,078,946174,951106,9959,326801147308440972127653447,602
[34]
North Carolina
2,189,3162,362,631130,12612,10547,386
[35]
North Dakota
93,758216,79421,4343,7801,8333646,397
[36]
Ohio
2,394,1642,841,005174,49846,27112,5741,88724,23562114552268199018
[37]
Oklahoma
420,375949,13683,481
[38]
Oregon
1,002,106782,40394,23150,00272,594
[39]
Pennsylvania
2,926,4412,970,733146,71549,94121,572
[40]
Rhode Island
252,525180,54314,7466,220773523,497867163479,439

[41][42]
South Carolina
855,3731,155,38949,20413,03421,0165,7653,246
[43]
South Dakota
117,442227,70120,8454,059
[44]
Tennessee
870,6951,522,92570,39715,99311,9911,5844,0752,8777,27613220
[45]
Texas
3,877,8684,685,047283,49271,55842,3664,2611,4019321221,03772
[46]
Utah
310,674515,21139,6089,438243,6858,0328725215442,732
[47]
Vermont
178,57395,36910,0786,7586296318,2183271,0631193,959
[48]
Virginia
1,981,4731,769,443118,27427,63854,05431,870
[49]
Washington
1,539,2871,063,835134,09646,87214,5652,7793,583
[50]
Washington, D.C.
282,83012,7234,9064,2586,551
[51]
West Virginia
188,794489,37123,0048,0753,807
[52]
Wisconsin
1,382,5361,405,284106,67431,07211,85512,1621,50267284801,7701533422,764
[53]
Wyoming
55,973174,41913,2872,5152,0427096,904
[54]
TOTAL
65,734,37963,065,7304,442,1311,444,059691,997198,217105,54973,63633,08524,30613,53711,7419,2557,2336,6625,7295,6174,6894,3143,2503,1282,7322,6982,3561,096932751749749469382337390,571
PLACE
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272828303132


Candidates[edit]



Gary Johnson, Libertarian Party[edit]



Ballot access: The Libertarian ticket was on all 51 ballots.[55]






















Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee

Gary Johnson June 2016.jpg
Gary Johnson
(Campaign)

Governor of New Mexico, 1995–2003
Libertarian Party presidential nominee, 2012

 New Mexico
May 29, 2016[56]
Bill Weld campaign portrait.jpg
William Weld of Massachusetts
Other parties
National Total
National percentage
highest single state total
highest single state percentage

Independence Party
of New York

4,489,233
3.3%
402,452 (3.4%)
California
74,031 (8.3%)
New Mexico

Nationally, Johnson captured 5 percent or more of the vote in eight states: New Mexico, North Dakota, Alaska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming and Maine.



Poll Standings[edit]


All major polling outfits have included Johnson in their published results. His highest total was 13% in a CNN/ORC poll taken in July. Since then he has generally been in the upper single digits, breaking 10% as recently as October 10 in a Politico/Morning Consult poll.


His greatest statewide percentage was in his home state of New Mexico, where he reached the mid-twenties in September, and has since fallen back into the teens. He has been in the teens in several other state polls, most recently in a WBUR/MassINC poll taken in New Hampshire on November 1.



Party nomination contest[edit]



There were six primaries, Gary Johnson received 22,642 votes while none of the others received as much as 4 thousand.











































































Libertarian National Convention Presidential vote, 2016 [57]
Candidate
First Ballot
Percentage
Second Ballot
Percentage

Gary Johnson

458

49.5%

518

55.8%

Austin Petersen
197
21.3%
203
21.9%

John McAfee
131
14.2%
131
14.1%

Darryl W. Perry
63
6.8%
52
5.6%
Marc Allan Feldman
58
6.3%
18
1.9%
Kevin McCormick
9
1.0%
1 (write-in)
0.1%
None of the above
5
0.5%
2
0.2%

Ron Paul (Write-in)
1
0.1%



Vermin Supreme (Write-in)
1
0.1%


Heidi Zemen (Write-in)
1
0.1%


Derrick Grayson (Write-in)
1
0.1%
1
0.1%
Michael Shannon (Write-in)


1
0.1%
Rhett Smith (Write-in)


1
0.1%

Totals

928

100%


Jill Stein, Green Party[edit]



Ballot access (Write-in included): 47 states + DC






















Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee

Jill Stein by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Jill Stein
(Campaign)

Lexington Town Meeting member (2005–2011)
Green Party presidential nominee, 2012

 Massachusetts
August 6, 2016

Ajamu-Baraka.jpg
Ajamu Baraka of Washington, D.C.
National Total
National percentage
highest single state total
highest single state percentage
notes

1,457,222
1.1%
278,657 (1.9%)
California
12,737 (3.0%)
Hawaii

This is the first fourth-place finisher to breach the one million mark since 1948


Poll standings[edit]


All major polling outfits have included Stein in their published results. Her highest total was 6% in McClatchy/Marist poll taken early August. Since then her highest total was 4% in a CBS/New York Times poll taken in late October. She generally stands at 2 or 3%.


In statewide polling she has gotten as high as 7% in an Emmerson college poll from Vermont in September.



Party nomination contest[edit]



Five additional candidates sought the Green Party nomination.[58][59][60]
































Green National Convention Presidential Roll call vote, 2016[61]
Candidate
First Ballot
Percentage

Jill Stein

233.5

81.6%
William Kreml
18.25
6.4%
Sedinam Curry
14.5
5.1%

Darryl Cherney
8.5
3.0%
Kent Mesplay
7.5
2.6%
Elijah Manley
3.25
1.1%
No candidate
0.5
0.2%

Totals

286

100%

Turnout

286

71.1%


Evan McMullin, Better for America Group and others[edit]



The anti-Donald Trump Better for America PAC recruited Even McMullin as a candidate for president. He is on the ballot in 11 states and has write-in access for many more.


























Name
Prior positions
State
Announced candidacy
Vice presidential candidate
Notes

Evan McMullin 2016-10-21 headshot.jpg
Evan McMullin
(Campaign)
Chief Policy Director for the House Republican Conference, 2015–2016
CIA agent, 2001–2011

 Utah
August 8, 2016[62]
Mindy Finn at CAP (cropped).jpg
Mindy Finn
of the District of Columbia[63]
See also: Better for America
A (as Independence Party of Minnesota nominee)
Nathan Johnson, a resident of San Diego, appears as McMullin's running mate on numerous state ballots.[64][65]
Other parties
National Total
National percentage
highest single state total
highest single state percentage


Independence Party
of South Carolina
Independence Party
of Minnesota


731,709 [66]
0.4%

233,266 (21.4%)
(Utah)

233,266 (21.4%)
(Utah)

Aside from his large total in Utah, the ticket came in third in Idaho, and fourth in seven of the nine other states where it was on the ballot.


Darrell Castle, Constitution Party[edit]



Electoral votes: 207 (Scott Copeland has access to 4 electoral votes in Idaho, where Castle is on the ballot as an independent[67])


Write-in included: 406


Ballot access: Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.[68][69][70][71]
Write-in access: Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia.[69]






















Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee

DCastle08.jpg
Darrell Castle
Attorney,
Constitution Party vice presidential nominee, 2008

 Tennessee
April 16, 2016[72][73]
Scott N. Bradley of Utah
Other parties
National Total
National percentage
highest single state total
highest single state percentage
Taxpayer's Party
Michigan
203,069
0.1%
21,010 (0.4%)
Pennsylvania
3,311 (1.2%)
Alaska


Poll standings[edit]


Castle has not been featured in any national polls. However he was listed in a few in Utah in August and September, where he got as much as 2%, and in Nevada, where he got 1%.



Nomination contest[edit]


The 2016 Presidential Nominating Convention was held in Salt Lake City, Utah on April 13–16.[74]









































Constitution Party National Convention presidential vote, 2016[75][76]
Candidate
Votes
Percentage
Notes

Darrell Castle

184

54.2%
received 181,741 votes (0.1%) in the general election
Scott Copeland (Texas)[77]103.5
30.5%

On the ballot in Idaho as the Constitution Party's presidential nominee,[78]

Tom Hoefling[79]
19
5.6%


Sought 2016 American Independent Party presidential nomination

American Independent Party presidential nominee, 2012


America's Party presidential nominee, 2012, 2016
Daniel Cummings (Wyoming)[80]9
2.7%

J.R. Myers (Alaska)
9
2.7%

Sought 2016 American Independent Party presidential nomination, on the ballot in Idaho as the Constitution Party's vice-presidential nominee,[81]
Don Grundmann (California)[82]6
1.8%

Sought 2008 and 2012 Constitution Party presidential nomination
John Diamond (Pennsylvania)[83]5
1.5%

Jeremy Friedbaum (Utah)[84]4
1.2%


Totals

339.5

100.0%


Gloria La Riva, multiple parties[edit]


Electoral votes: 80 (Gloria LaRiva has a combined 135 electoral votes via the Party for Socialism and Liberation, the Peace and Freedom Party, and the Liberty Union Party)


Ballot access: California, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington[85][86]
























Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee
Notes

Gloria La Riva at Trump inauguration protest SF Jan 20 2017.jpg
Gloria La Riva
Newspaper printer and activist
Peace and Freedom Party presidential nominee, 2016,
Party for Socialism and Liberation presidential nominee, 2008
Workers World Party presidential nominee, 1992


 New Mexico
July 2015[87]
Eugene Puryear (20243720420) (cropped).jpg
Eugene Puryear
of Washington, D.C.[87]|Dennis Banks (8673602267) (cropped).jpg
Dennis Banks of Minnesota (in CA only)[88]

  • Appeared on the Vermont ballot as the Liberty Union Party ticket[89]

  • Puryear is Constitutionally ineligible to serve as Vice President – under age 35

  • Banks appeared as the vice-presidential candidate on the Peace and Freedom ticket in California.

State parties
National Total
National percentage
Peace and Freedom Total
other party total

Party for Socialism and Liberation
Peace and Freedom
(California)
Liberty Union
(Vermont).

74,405
0.1%
53,133
7,857


Party for Socialism and Liberation[edit]



La Riva is on the ballot in numerous states under this banner and as an independent.



Liberty Union Party (Vermont)[edit]



La Riva won the primary in Vermont and thus was awarded the ballot line there.


La Riva participated in the Free and Equal presidential debate.



Peace and Freedom Party[edit]



La Riva won the primary in California and thus was awarded the ballot line at the state convention. Jill Stein, who was on the Green party primary ballot was removed from the PF one.


























California Peace and Freedom presidential primary, June 7, 2016[90]
Candidate
Votes
Percentage
Con. Vote

Gloria Estela La Riva

2,232

49%

56

Monica Moorehead
1,369
30%
12
Lynn Sandra Kahn
963
21%
1

Jill Stein
(disqualified)
0%
9

Total

4,564

100%

78


Rocky De La Fuente, American Delta and Reform Parties, plus others[edit]



Electoral votes: 147 (De La Fuente has access to a combined 147 electoral votes as an Independent, via The American Delta Party and via The Reform Party)[91][92]


Write-In included: 346 Electors[91][92]


Anticipated Write-In Included: 404 Electors


Ballot access:


Under the ballot label "Reform Party" Florida


Under the ballot label "American Delta Party":[93]Colorado,[94] Iowa,[95] Louisiana,[96] Minnesota,[97] Mississippi,[98] New Jersey,[99] New Mexico.[100]


As an independent: Alaska,[101] Idaho,[102] Kentucky,[103] Montana,[104] Nevada,[105] New Hampshire,[106] North Dakota,[107] Rhode Island[108] Tennessee,[109] Utah,[102] Vermont,[110] Wisconsin,[111] Wyoming.[112]


Write-In:[113]Alabama, Arizona, California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Indiana, Maryland, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Virginia, Kansas, West Virginia, Washington. Total 199 Electors


Anticipated Write-In:[113] Connecticut, Missouri, South Dakota


No Ballot Access 2016: Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina.
























Name
Prior positions
State
Announced candidacy
Vice presidential nominee
Notes

Roque De La Fuente (cropped).jpg
Rocky De La Fuente
Businessman

 Florida
July 19, 2016[114]
Michael Steinberg (cropped).jpg
Michael Steinberg of Florida


Received 67,457 votes in the Democratic presidential primary
Ran for the Democratic United States Senate nomination in Florida, 2016

State parties
National Total
National percentage
highest single state total
highest single state percentage
American Delta
Reform
33,136
0%

9,101 (0.1%)
Florida
1,063 (0.3%)
Vermont


Poll Standings[edit]


In August and September, Suffolk University did polling listing De la Fuente in Nevada. He got only 1%.



American Delta party nomination[edit]


The American Delta Party is an organization specifically created to support De La Fuente's independent candidacy.



Reform party nomination[edit]


The Reform Party recognized the following other candidates as seeking its presidential nomination[115] The vote totals nominating De La Fuente were never released.












Name
Notes

Ed Chlapowski[115]

Owner/manager at Opportunity Resolution

Kenneth Cross[115]

Semi-retired engineer and businessman
Reform Party vice-presidential nominee, 2012


Lynn Kahn[115]

Doctor of clinical psychology
Sought 2016 Peace and Freedom Party presidential nomination.
Will appear on Arkansas and Iowa ballot.


Darcy Richardson[115]

Historian and writer
2012 Democratic Party presidential hopeful.
received 41,730 in the primary[116]


Richard Duncan, Independent[edit]












Name
State
Vice presidential nominee
national vote total
ballot access.
Richard Duncan

Ohio
Ricky Johnson
24,308
(0%)
18
(173) Ohio[117]

(Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)



Bernie Sanders[edit]




Sanders campaigning for Hillary Clinton at Nashua Community College in October 2016.


Several grassroots campaigns to elect Bernie Sanders President as a write-in candidate were established on social media in the run-up to the United States presidential election. Though Sanders continued to campaign for Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, supporters pointed to alleged DNC bias in the Democratic Party's presidential primaries against Sanders, and Clinton's email scandal, and continued to support him.[118] Both Clinton and Donald Trump would have had to win less than the required 270 electoral college votes for Sanders to have denied either candidate the presidency, and for the election to be passed to the House of Representatives - thus the initial write-in campaign around Vermont, offering only 3 college votes, was unsuccessful.[119] The campaign expanded to include all 12 eligible states (one of which listed Sanders as an official write-in candidate), and relied on states such as California, with a high electoral college vote count and large support for Sanders, to be successful in denying both Trump and Clinton.[120] He has received over 100 thousand popular votes and one electoral vote. Two other electoral votes were disallowed.


What is notable here is that he came in third in Vermont,[121] coming ahead of both Gary Johnson and Jill Stein and taking 5.7% of the vote (18,183 tallied), something that has never happened before in a fall Presidential election.



Dan Vacek, Legal Marijuana Now Party[edit]



Ballot access: Iowa, Minnesota














Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee
National Popular vote

Dan Vacek at Rice Street Parade 2016.jpg
Dan Vacek
Financial Assistance Caseworker,
Ramsey County, Minnesota

 Minnesota
July 25, 2016[122]Mark Elworth of Nebraska
13,538 (0%)


Alyson Kennedy, Socialist Workers Party[edit]

















Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee
National vote total
Ballot access

Alyson Kennedy
Labor Organizer and Activist
Socialist Workers Party vice presidential nominee 2008

 Illinois [123]
February 12, 2016[124]
Osborne Hart of Pennsylvania[125]
12,467 (0%)
Colorado, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, Washington[126]


Chris Keniston, Veterans Party of America[edit]



Electoral votes: 15


Ballot access: Colorado, Mississippi[127]














Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee
Popular vote

Chris Keniston


Reliability Engineer

 Texas

Deacon Taylor of Florida
7,251 (0%)


Mike Maturen, American Solidarity Party[edit]



Electoral votes: 9


Write-In included: 332


Ballot access: Colorado[129]


Write-In: Alabama,[130]
Alaska,[131]
California,[132]
Georgia,[133]
Idaho,[134]
Iowa,[130]
Kansas,
Kentucky,[135]
Maryland,[136]
Michigan,[137]
Minnesota,[138]
Nebraska,[139]
New Hampshire,[130]
New Jersey,[130]
New York,[140]
North Dakota,[141]
Ohio,[142]
Oregon,[143]
Pennsylvania,[130]
Rhode Island,[130]
Texas,[144]
Vermont,[130]
Virginia,[145]
Washington,[146]
Wisconsin[147]














Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee
National Total

Mike Maturen
Sales professional

 Michigan
July 9, 2016
Juan Muñoz

6,776 (0%)


James Hedges, Prohibition Party[edit]



Electoral votes: 21


Ballot access: Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi[148]






















Name
Prior positions
State
Announced candidacy
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee

Jimhedges.jpg
James Hedges
Tax Assessor, Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania (2002–2007)
American Independent Party presidential candidate, 2016
Prohibition Party presidential candidate, 2012


 Pennsylvania
July 2015[149]July 31, 2015[149]Bill Bayes of Mississippi
State parties
National Total
National percentage
highest single state total
highest single state percentage

5,617
0%

Poll standings: In order to see if support for Jill Stein and Gary Johnson was genuine, Falrleigh Dickinson University conducted a poll substituting Hedges and Monica Moorhead of the Workers'World Party, for Johnson and Stein. Hedges received 4%.[150]



Tom Hoefling, America's Party[edit]



Electoral votes: 44


Ballot access: Arkansas, Colorado, Florida














Name
Prior positions
State
Announced candidacy
Vice presidential nominee
national total

Tom Hoefling
Political activist
American Independent Party and Constitution Party
presidential candidate, 2016
American Independent Party and America's Party
presidential nominee, 2012


 Iowa
January 2016[151]Steve Schulin
of South Carolina
4,856


Monica Moorehead, Workers World Party[edit]



Electoral votes: 30


Ballot access: New Jersey, Utah, Wisconsin[152][153]
(Texas)[154]
















Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee
National Total
National percentage

Monica Moorehead
Perennial candidate and activist

 New Jersey
November 8, 2015[155]Lamont Lilly[155]4,319
0%

Poll standings: In order to see if support for Jill Stein and Gary Johnson was genuine, Falrleigh Dickinson University conducted a poll substituting Moorhead and Jim Hedges of the Prohibition Party, for Johnson and Stein. Ms. Moorehead received 3%, the same amount Stein did.[150]



Peter Skewes, American Party (South Carolina)[edit]


Electoral votes: 9


Ballot access: South Carolina














Name
Prior positions
State
Announced candidacy
Vice presidential nominee
national total

Peter Skewes
Professor,
Clemson University

 South Carolina
May 15, 2016[156]Michael Lacy
3,246


Laurence Kotlikoff, Independent[edit]
















Name
Prior positions
State
Announced candidacy
Vice presidential candidate
Ballot access
total popular vote (percentage)

Kotlikoff.jpg
Laurence Kotlikoff
Economics professor at Boston University

 Massachusetts


Edward E. Leamer of California
* On ballot: Colorado, Louisiana[157]

  • As write-in: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia[158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][154][176][177][178]
3,603 (0%)


Rocky Giordani, Independent American Party[edit]



Electoral votes: 18


Ballot access: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah[179]














Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee
national total

Rocky Giordani
Author

 Utah
November 7, 2015[180]
Farley Anderson
2,752


Emidio "Mimi" Soltysik, Socialist Party USA[edit]



Electoral votes: 25


Ballot access: Colorado, Michigan[181]


















Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee

Mimi Soltysik (cropped).jpg
Mimi Soltysik
Former National Co-Chair,
Socialist Party USA

 California
October 17, 2015[182]
Angela Walker (cropped).jpg
Angela Walker of Wisconsin
Other parties
National Total
National percentage

Natural Law Party
(Michigan)[183]
2,705
0%

He also received 1,086 votes in Guam's presidential "beauty contest."



Rod Silva, Nutrition Party[edit]


Electoral votes: 9


Ballot access: Colorado[184]














Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee
popular vote

Rod Silva
Restaurateur

 New Jersey
October 20, 2015[185]Richard Silva
751 (0%)


Jerry White, Socialist Equality Party[edit]



Electoral votes: 8


Ballot access: Louisiana[186]














Name
Prior positions
State
Nominated
Vice presidential nominee
Total popular vote:

Jerry White addresses a meeting.jpg
Jerry White
Labor editor,
World Socialist Web Site
Socialist Equality Party presidential
nominee, 1996, 2008, and 2012


 Michigan
April 22, 2016[187]Niles Niemuth of Wisconsin
(Constitutionally ineligible – under age 35)[188]
485 nationwide.


Other candidate considerations[edit]



American Independent and other fusion tickets[edit]


Several states, most notably New York, permit fusion tickets. A fusion ticket is when a candidate or candidates are permitted more than one ballot line by being nominated by one or more third parties and permitting the votes on all lines to be added together for a single state total.


The Clinton/Kaine ticket is on the ballot in New York on the Women's Equality and Working Families Party lines, while the Trump/Pence ticket is on the Conservative party there as well as the American Independent Party in California.



Conservative party nomination in New York[edit]


The state committee nominated Donald Trump by voice vote.



Total popular vote: 271,961 (3.8%)


Working Families party nomination in New York[edit]


Initially, the Working Families Party had endorsed Bernie Sanders for president, but when he conceded defeat at the Democratic convention and endorsed Hillary Clinton, the party had a mail in primary where Clinton defeated Jill Stein and "no endorsement" with 68% of the vote, preferring fusion rather than "asking voters to cast a vote that is at best meaningless and at worst destructive of progressive possibility."[189]



Total popular vote: 130,245 (1.8%)


Woman's Equality party nomination in New York[edit]


A faction of the party's executive committee nominated Dr. Lynn Sandra Kahn, while another nominated Hillary Clinton. The New York State board of elections decided the former Secretary of State would get the ballot line.[190][191]



Total popular vote: 32,307 (0.5%)


American Independent Party nomination in California[edit]



The state committee ignored the primary and designated Trump as its nominee.[192]


California did not record a separate ballot total for the AIP.


Party nomination contest

Below are the results of the California Primary ballot, which was rendered superfluous when the state committee decided to select Donald Trump.[193]





























California American Independent presidential primary, June 7, 2016[194]
Candidate
Votes
Percentage

Alan Spears

7,348

19%
Arthur Harris
6,510
17%
Robert Ornelas
6,411
17%
J.R. Myers
4,898
13%

Wiley Drake
4,828
13%

James Hedges
3,989
11%

Thomas Hoefling
3,917
10%

Total

37,901

100%


No ballot access[edit]


According to the Federal Election Commission almost 2,000 people, both real and fictional, were registered as 2016 presidential candidates.[195]


Among the more notable ones are:

























































Name
Prior positions
State
Announced candidacy


Zoltan Istvan.png
Zoltan Istvan

Futurist, writer, transhumanist philosopher

 California
October 2014[196][197][198]He had write-in access in New York and in Florida, where he received 76 and 19 votes respectively, for a total of 95 votes.[199]

Dan Bilzerian 2013.jpg
Dan Bilzerian
Professional poker player

 California
June 2015[200]Withdrew in December 2015 and endorsed Donald Trump.[201]

Ken Fields Headshot.jpg
Ken Fields
Entrepreneur, environmental advocate

 New York
November 2015[202][203]campaign last heard of in August.[204]

Pastor Terry Jones before the March.jpg
Terry Jones
Pastor for Dove World Outreach Center

 Florida
July 2013[205][206]

Lucy Lou
Mayor of Rabbit Hash, Kentucky

 Kentucky
November 2015[207][208]

Merlin Miller.JPG
Merlin Miller
Filmmaker

 Tennessee
July 2015[209]

Joe Schriner
Painter

 Ohio
October 2014[210]

Guy Schwartz
Musician

 Texas



Ron White01.jpg
Ron White
Comedian and actor

November 2015[212]His candidacy was a gimmick to help promote his comedy tour[213][214]

Robby Wells (cropped).PNG

Robby Wells


Former Savannah State University head football coach

 North Carolina
December 2012 (original filing)[215]

March 2016[216]


He made no attempt to get on any ballot.


Write-in candidates[edit]


A minimum of 1,022,439 (0.8%) voters[217] cast write in ballots, what is believed to be a record. Many were for registered candidates who were on the ballot in one or more states, others for candidates who were registered but were on no ballots and others were for fictional or perceptibly humorous figures, like of Mickey Mouse or Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The vast majority of these will never be counted or recorded as individuals but as "Others" or "Scattered." Many states disallow write-in candidacies.[218]



Non-notable candidates[edit]


The following candidates had no on-ballot access but were official write-in candidates in at least one state.[219]


Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont are not listed below as those states do not require filing as a write-in candidate.



  • Fox, Cherunda Lynn – 25 states

  • Schoenke, Marshall Roy – 20 states

  • Buchanan, Robert Lewis – 16 states

  • Hartnell, Benjamin – 16 states

  • Valdivia, Anthony Joseph – 12 states

  • Basiago, Andrew Daniel – 9 states

  • Schriner, Joseph Charles – 9 states

  • Wysinger, Demetra Jefferson – 9 states


  • Perry, Darryl W. – 8 states

  • Vogel-Walcutt, Jennifer J. – 8 states

  • Boring, Paij Jean – 7 states

  • Jacquemotte, Alan – 7 states

  • Reid, Janet L. – 7 states

  • Ball, Dennis Andrew – 6 states

  • Librace, David – 6 states

  • Limbaugh, David – 6 states

  • Olkowski, Michael S. – 6 states

  • Cubbler, Scott Ralston – 5 states

  • Flippin, Ameer Xenos – 5 states

  • Jennings, Gerald John – 5 states

  • Moreau, Kevin Michael – 5 states

  • Morris, Laio Chantelle – 5 states

  • Sterling, Shawna Joy – 5 states

  • Williams, Charles Mitchell – 5 states

  • Bowhall, William Ernest – 4 states

  • Puskar, Michael Brandon – 4 states

  • Roberts, Matthew – 4 states

  • Steinacker, Delano Aimes – 4 states

  • Whitaker, Barbara Joan – 4 states

  • Bartlett, Henry Lovell – 3 states

  • Brown, Kennedy King – 3 states

  • Brown, Theodis, Sr. – 3 states

  • Carter, Willie Felix – 3 states

  • Collins, Loren – 3 states

  • Jackson, Denny Carroll – 3 states

  • Li, Johnson Immanuel Yuquimpo – 3 states

  • Locke, Star – 3 states

  • Robertson, Platt Allen – 3 states

  • Smith, Duff Cooper – 3 states

  • Tittle, Sheila Telles – 3 states

  • Vakil, Kora Roberta Katz – 3 states

  • Bolar, Shelia Mariah – 2 states

  • Breivogel, JoAnn – 2 states

  • Burton, Jamin – 2 states

  • Byrne, David C. – 2 states

  • Carlisle, Martin Christopher – 2 states

  • Cavazos, Cynthia T. – 2 states

  • Edgell, Richard Baxter – 2 states

  • Gyurko, Zoltan Istvan – 2 states

  • Lee, Jonathan – 2 states

  • Paracha, Emaad Muhammad – 2 states

  • Roberts, Clifton Lee – 2 states

  • Smith, William Roger – 2 states

  • Sood, Ajay – 2 states

  • Strickland, Gloria Dawn – 2 states

  • Thomson, Douglas W. – 2 states

  • Wallace, William Leonard – 2 states

  • Zerilli, Charles R. – 2 states

  • Adams, Paul – 1 state

  • Allen, Stephen L. – 1 state

  • Aranja, Arantxa – 1 state

  • Asherie, Neer R. – 1 state

  • Baird, Dustin Alan – 1 state

  • Bell, James Jerome – 1 state

  • Bickelmeyer, Michael – 1 state

  • Blickley, Mark – 1 state

  • Blumenthal, Paul E. – 1 state

  • Botero, Juan B. – 1 state

  • Boyles, Michael David – 1 state

  • Boynton, Philip D. – 1 state

  • Brown, Dana E. – 1 state

  • Brown, Ray C. – 1 state

  • Brumfield, Author C. – 1 state

  • Canns, Gary S. – 1 state

  • Clark, Roy Allen – 1 state

  • Cohen, Ariel – 1 state

  • Connolly, William J. – 1 state

  • Cooper, Jeffrey A. – 1 state

  • Corsetti, Michael – 1 state

  • Cummings, Darryl – 1 state

  • Deame, Kevin – 1 state

  • Dean, Charlie – 1 state

  • Denz, Vickie Lynn – 1 state

  • Edalgo, James Edward – 1 state

  • Elgar, Betsy Pauline – 1 state

  • Elliott, Claire Elisabeth – 1 state

  • Ellis, Craig – 1 state

  • Evans, Ronald – 1 state

  • Feegbeh, William B. – 1 state

  • Floyd, Theo R. – 1 state

  • Fried, Jason – 1 state

  • Gates, Jacqueline – 1 state

  • Gerhard, Eric – 1 state

  • Glentz, Joseph – 1 state

  • Griffith, William Richard – 1 state

  • Harper, Mark J. – 1 state

  • Helgerson, Timothy – 1 state

  • Hess, William Anthony – 1 state

  • Heupel, RaeDeen Rose – 1 state

  • Holbeck, Alec – 1 state

  • Hrenak, James – 1 state

  • Huffman, Lonny Paul – 1 state

  • In-Albon, Mitchell – 1 state

  • Indiana, Tara – 1 state

  • Ingbar, Michael Frederick – 1 state

  • Jaynes, Bruce E. – 1 state

  • Jobe, James Walter – 1 state

  • Johnson Pendleton, Cathy – 1 state

  • Keita, Mohammed – 1 state

  • Kelly, Melissa L. – 1 state

  • Kern, Jacob S. – 1 state

  • Kirschner, Barry – 1 state

  • Klojzy, Jeffrey John – 1 state

  • Kobin, Asher J. – 1 state

  • Kokes, Troy Morgan – 1 state

  • Koplitz, Roger – 1 state

  • Lacy, Chris – 1 state

  • Lash, Ken – 1 state

  • Levinson, Michael Stephen – 1 state

  • Limbaush, Charles David – 1 state

  • Ling, William Martin – 1 state

  • Lohmiller, Bruce – 1 state

  • Lowe, Donald Eugene – 1 state

  • Luesing, Richard Turner – 1 state

  • Lynch, Darin – 1 state

  • Mackler, Jeffrey – 1 state

  • Mallapadi, Srinivasa K. – 1 state

  • Malloy, Steven P. – 1 state

  • Martin, Daniel Stevens – 1 state

  • Maus, William Joseph – 1 state

  • McCarthy, Stephen John – 1 state

  • McCathy, Stephen – 1 state

  • McKee, Kevin P. – 1 state

  • Meluch, Timothy B. – 1 state

  • Miller, Scott Erwin – 1 state

  • Monson, Dori Thomas – 1 state

  • Morrow, Robert – 1 state

  • MsMere, Reverend – 1 state

  • Muffoletto, Daniel – 1 state

  • Muhammad, Ricky – 1 state

  • Mullis, Ric – 1 state

  • Mutford, Jason – 1 state

  • Nieman, Thomas J. – 1 state

  • None of these candidates – 1 state

  • Orwick, Aaron Idean – 1 state

  • Parks, Stephen Paul – 1 state

  • Payeur, Micah – 1 state

  • Perry, Brian Anthony – 1 state

  • Perry, David – 1 state

  • Perry, David – 1 state

  • Ramos, Luis Alberto – 1 state

  • Regenold, Ricky J. – 1 state

  • Rice, Robert D. – 1 state

  • Schafer, Paul – 1 state

  • Schmidt, Joseph – 1 state

  • Schumacher, Derrick – 1 state

  • Seeberg, Phillip – 1 state

  • Semon, Adam Lee – 1 state

  • Sidner, Arthur E. – 1 state

  • Snell, Keith Richard – 1 state

  • Soldjah, Sistah – 1 state

  • Stack, David G. – 1 state

  • Steffes, Dale – 1 state

  • Sterner, Corey – 1 state

  • Stevens, Timothy Allen – 1 state

  • Stout, Matthew Water – 1 state

  • Stroh, Josiah R. – 1 state

  • Struck, James T. – 1 state

  • Symonette, Maurice – 1 state

  • Tabor, Samuel Lewis – 1 state

  • Taysom, Nicola Jo – 1 state

  • Terry, Doug – 1 state

  • Thomas, Mary E. – 1 state

  • Tyree, Roy Wayne – 1 state

  • Urbach, Marc – 1 state

  • Vann, Mary A. – 1 state

  • Welsh, Esther – 1 state

  • Wettschreck, Kirk – 1 state

  • Wharton, Jeffrey Ryan – 1 state

  • Williams, Victor – 1 state

  • Wilson, Sandra – 1 state

  • Wolff, Robert M. – 1 state

  • Wu, Jeffrey Anthony – 1 state

  • Zutler, Daniel Paul – 1 state



Previously speculated[edit]


The following individuals were the focus of presidential speculation as an independent candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle.



  • Lawrence Lessig, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School (previously sought Democratic Party presidential nomination)[220]


Withdrew[edit]



  • Waka Flocka Flame, rap artist from Georgia[221]


  • John McAfee, anti-virus software businessman (originally declared as third-party candidate under named 'Cyber Party', before seeking Libertarian Party nomination)[222]


  • Ted Williams, voice actor from Ohio[223]


Declined[edit]


Individuals listed in this section were the focus of media speculation as being possible 2016 presidential candidates but unequivocally ruled out an independent presidential bid in 2016.



  • Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City 2002–2013[224]


  • David A. French, writer for National Review[225]


  • Jon Huntsman, Jr., United States Ambassador to China 2009–2011; Governor of Utah 2005–2009; presidential candidate in 2012[226]


  • John Kasich, Governor of Ohio since 2011, presidential candidate in 2000, U.S. Representative from Ohio 1983-2001, Member of the Ohio Senate from the 15th district 1979-1983 (eventually received a faithless electoral vote in Texas)[227]


  • Dennis Michael Lynch, businessman, documentary film maker and conservative commentator from New York (formed an exploratory committee for a potential bid as an independent before electing to instead explore a potential bid for the Republican nomination)[228][229]


  • Bernie Sanders, U.S. Senator from Vermont since 2007; U.S. Representative from Vermont 1991–2007 (expressed interest in a possible independent presidential bid before declaring his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination)[230][231][232] He was registered as a write-in candidate in Vermont and California without his authorization.


  • Jesse Ventura, Governor of Minnesota 1999–2003, Mayor of Brooklyn Park, Minnesota 1991–1995 (publicly expressed interest in a Libertarian Party candidacy instead, before declining to run altogether)[233][234]


  • Jim Webb, U.S. Senator from Virginia 2007–2013 (campaign)[235]


See also[edit]


  • Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016

  • Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016

  • United States presidential election, 2016 timeline


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External links[edit]



  • 2016 Presidential Form 2 Filers at the Federal Election Commission (FEC)









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