February 2016: early primaries[edit]

Despite being heavily favored in polls issued weeks earlier, Clinton was only able to defeat Sanders in the first-in-the-nation Iowa Caucus by the closest margin in the history of the contest: 49.8% to 49.6% (Clinton collected 700.47 state delegate equivalents to Sanders' 696.92, a difference of one quarter of a percentage point).^[58]

The victory, which was projected to award her 23 pledged national convention delegates (two more than Sanders), made Clinton the first woman to win the Caucus and marked a clear difference from 2008, where she finished in third place behind Obama and John Edwards.^{[59][60][61][62]} Martin O'Malley suspended^[b] his campaign after a disappointing third-place finish with only 0.5% of the state delegate equivalents awarded, leaving Clinton and Sanders the only two major candidates in the race.^[63] A week later, Sanders won the New Hampshire primary, receiving 60.4% of the popular vote to Clinton's 38%, putting him ahead of Clinton in the overall pledged delegate count by four, and making him the first Jewish candidate of a major party to win a primary.^[64][65][66] Hillary Clinton's loss in New Hampshire was a regression from 2008, when she defeated Obama, Edwards, and a handful of other candidates including Joe Biden with 39% of the popular vote.^[67]

Bernie Sanders speaks in Littleton, New Hampshire

Sanders' narrow loss in Iowa and convincing victory in New Hampshire generated speculation about a possible loss for Clinton in Nevada, the next state to hold its caucuses on February 20.^[68][69] For her part, Clinton, who had won the state eight years prior in the 2008 Nevada Democratic caucuses, hoped that a victory would allay concerns about a possible repetition of 2008, when she ultimately lost to Obama despite entering the primary season as the favorite for the nomination.^[70] Ultimately, Clinton emerged victorious with 52.6% of the county delegates, a margin of victory similar to her performance in 2008.^[71] Sanders, who attained 47.3% of the vote, was projected to receive five fewer pledged delegates than Clinton and the result was not promising for the following weekend's primary in South Carolina, more demographically favorable to Clinton than the prior contests. On February 27, Clinton won the South Carolina primary with 73.5% of the vote, receiving a larger percentage of the African American vote than Barack Obama had eight years earlier – 90% to Obama's 80%.^[72]

March 1, 2016: Super Tuesday[edit]

Hillary Clinton during a rally, in March 2016

The 2016 primary schedule was significantly different from that of 2008. During that election cycle, many states moved their primaries or caucuses to earlier in the calendar to have greater influence over the race. In 2008, February 5 was the earliest date allowed by the Democratic National Committee, leading 23 states and territories to move their elections to that date, the biggest Super Tuesday to ever take place. For 2016, the calendar was more disparate than it was in 2008, with several groups of states voting on different dates, the most important being March 1, March 15, April 26 and June 7. The day with the most contests was March 1, 2016, in which primaries or caucuses were held in 11 states (including six in the Southern United States) and American Samoa. A total of 865 pledged delegates were at stake.

Clinton secured victories in all of the southern contests except Oklahoma. Her biggest victory of the day came in Alabama, where she won 77.8% of the vote against Sanders' 19.2%, although her most significant delegate prize came from Texas, where she received 65.2% of the vote with strong support from non-white as well as white voters. Collectively, the southern states gave Clinton a net gain of 165 pledged delegates.^[73] Apart from the South, Clinton also narrowly defeated Sanders in Massachusetts, as well as winning in the territory of American Samoa. Sanders scored comfortable wins in the Minnesota and Colorado caucuses and Oklahoma primary and won an 86.1%–13.6% landslide in his home state of Vermont - one of only two times either of the two main candidates missed the 15% threshold in a state or territory, with the U.S. Virgin Islands, where Clinton received over 87% of the vote, being the other one. Although the results overall were unfavorable for Sanders, his four wins and narrow loss allowed him to remain in the race in anticipation of more favorable territory in New England, the Great Plains, Mountain States and the Pacific Northwest.^[74] At the end of the day, Clinton collected 518 pledged delegates to Sanders' 347, taking her lead to roughly 200 pledged delegates.^[75]

Mid-March contests[edit]

Hillary Clinton speaks in Phoenix, Arizona, in March 2016

Bill Clinton campaigning for his wife in March 2016

Sanders found more hospitable ground on the weekend of March 5, 2016, winning caucuses in Kansas, Maine and Nebraska by significant margins. Clinton answered with an even larger win in Louisiana's primary, limiting Sanders' net gain for the weekend to only four delegates. Clinton would also win the Northern Mariana Islands caucus, held the following weekend on March 12. Two states had held nominating contests on March 8 – Michigan and Mississippi – with Clinton heavily favored to win both.^[76][77]Mississippi went for Clinton, as expected, by a landslide margin. The Mississippi primary was the highest vote share Clinton won in any state. However, Sanders stunned by scoring a narrow win in Michigan.^[78] Analysts floated a number of theories to explain the failure of the Michigan polling, with most centering on pollsters' erroneous assumptions about the composition of the electorate stemming from the 2008 primary in Michigan not having been contested due to an impasse between the state party and DNC.^[79][80][81] Although Clinton expanded her delegate lead, some journalists suggested Sanders' upset might presage her defeat in other delegate-rich Midwestern states,^[82] such as Missouri, Ohio and Illinois, who voted a week later on March 15, along with North Carolina and Florida, where Clinton was more clearly favored.^[83][84] Clinton was able to sweep all five primaries, extending her pledged delegate lead by around 100 delegates, although Sanders was able to hold Clinton to narrow margins in her birth-state of Illinois and especially Missouri, where Clinton won by a mere 0.2 points.^[85] Missouri state law allowed for a possible recount had any of the candidates requested it; however, Sanders forwent the opportunity on the basis that it would not significantly affect the delegate allocation.^[86][87] By the end of the evening, Clinton had expanded her pledged delegate lead to more than 320, several times larger than her greatest deficit in the 2008 primary.^[88]

Late March and early April[edit]

Following the March 15 primaries, the race moved to a series of contests more favorable for Sanders. On March 21, the results of the Democrats Abroad primary (held March 1–8) were announced. Sanders was victorious and picked up nine delegates to Clinton's four, closing his delegate deficit by five.^[89]Arizona, Idaho and Utah held primaries on March 22, dubbed "Western Tuesday" by media.^[90] Despite continued efforts by Sanders to close the gap in Arizona after his surprise win in Michigan, Clinton won the primary with 56.3% of the vote.^[91] However, Clinton lost both Idaho and Utah by roughly 60 points, allowing Sanders to close his delegate deficit by 25.^[92][93]

Sanders speaks in Seattle, Washington, March 2016

The next states to vote were Alaska, Hawaii and Washington on March 26, 2016.^[94] All three states were considered as favorable for Sanders, and most political analysts expected him to win them all, given the demographics and Sanders' strong performance in previous caucuses.^[95] Sanders finished the day with a net gain of roughly 66 delegates over Clinton. His largest win was in Alaska, where he defeated Clinton with 82% of the vote, although the majority of his delegate gain came from the considerably more populous state of Washington, which he won by a 46% margin,^[96] outperforming then-Senator Obama's 2008 results, when he defeated Clinton 68%–31%.^[97]
The Clinton and Sanders campaigns reached an agreement on April 4 for a ninth debate to take place on April 14 (five days before the New York primary) in Brooklyn, New York, which would air on CNN and NY1.^[98] On April 5, Sanders won the Wisconsin primary by 14 points, closing his delegate deficit by 10 more. The Wyoming caucuses were held on April 9, which Sanders won with 55.7% of the state convention delegates choosing him; however, Clinton had a stronger showing than expected, given her demographic disadvantage and that she did not campaign personally in the state. Each candidate was estimated to have earned 7 of Wyoming's 14 pledged delegates.^[99]

Late April and May[edit]

Sanders speaks in Brooklyn, New York, April 2016

On April 19, Clinton won New York by 16 points. While Sanders performed well in Upstate New York and with younger voters, Clinton performed well among all other age groups and non-whites, and she won a majority in all boroughs of New York City.^[100]

Five Northeastern states held primaries a week later on April 26. The day was dubbed the "Super Tuesday III" or the "Acela Primary" after Amtrak's Acela Express train service that connects these states.^[101] Clinton won in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Connecticut while Sanders won the Rhode Island primary.

On May 3, Sanders pulled off a surprise victory in the Indiana primary, winning over Clinton by a five-point margin despite trailing in all the state's polls.^[102] Clinton then won the Guam caucus on May 7^[103] and, on May 10, she won the non-binding Nebraska primary^[104] while Sanders won in West Virginia.

Clinton narrowly won Kentucky on May 17 by half a percentage point and gained one delegate, after heavily campaigning in the state. On the same day, Sanders won his second closed primary in Oregon where he gained nine delegates, a net gain of eight on the day. Clinton then went on to win the non-binding Washington primary on May 24.^[105]

June contests[edit]

Clinton speaks in Washington, D.C., June 2016

June contained the final contests of the Democratic primaries, and both Sanders and Clinton invested heavily into winning the California primary. Clinton led the polls in California but some predicted a narrow race.^[106] On June 4 and 5, Clinton won two decisive victories in the Virgin Islands caucus^[107] and Puerto Rico primary.^[108] On June 6, both the Associated Press and NBC News reported that Clinton had sufficient support from pledged and unpledged delegates to become the presumptive Democratic nominee.^[109] Clinton's campaign seemed reluctant to accept the mantle of "presumptive nominee" before all the voting was concluded,^[110] while Sanders' campaign stated it would continue to run and accused the media of a "rush to judgement."^[111] Six states held their primaries on June 7. Clinton won in California, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Dakota. Sanders won Montana and North Dakota, the latter being the only caucus contest held on that day.^[112] Clinton finally declared victory on the evening of June 7, as the results ensured that she had won a majority of the pledged delegates and the popular vote.^[112] Sanders stated he would continue to run for the Democratic Party's nomination in the final primary in the District of Columbia on June 14,^[113] which Clinton won. Both campaigns met at a downtown Washington D.C. hotel after the primary.^[114] The Sanders campaign said that they would release a video statement on June 16 to clarify the future of Sanders' campaign; the video announced that Sanders looked forward to help Clinton defeat Trump.^[115] On July 12, 2016, Sanders endorsed Clinton in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.^[116]

July 2016: National Convention and email leaks[edit]

On July 22, 2016, WikiLeaks released online tens of thousands of messages hacked from the e-mail accounts of seven key DNC staff.^[117] Some e-mails showed two DNC staffers discussing the possibility that Sanders' possible atheism might harm him in a general election with religious voters. Others showed a few staffers had expressed personal preferences that Clinton should become the nominee, suggesting that the party's leadership had worked to undermine Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign.^[117] However, the leaks did not reveal any tangible actions of rigging.^[118] Then-DNC chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz called the accusations lies.^[117] The furor raised over this matter escalated to Wasserman Schultz's resignation ahead of the convention,^[119] and that of Marshals, Dacey, and Communications Director Luis Miranda afterwards. ^[120] Following Wasserman Schultz's resignation, then-DNC Vice Chair Donna Brazile took over as interim DNC chairwoman for the convention and remained so until February 2017.^[121] In November 2017, Brazile alleged in her book and related interviews that the Clinton campaign and the DNC had colluded to bias the primary to Clinton.^[122] This was subsequently contradicted when internal memos revealed the nature of the agreement between the two organizations, and Brazile shortly after retracted her remarks.^[123][124]

After the general election, the U.S. intelligence community and the Special Counsel investigation assessed that the leaks were part of a larger interference campaign by the Russian government to cause political instability in the United States and to damage the Hillary Clinton campaign by bolstering the candidacies of Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders, and Jill Stein.^{[125][126][127][128]} When news of the hack first surfaced in June 2016, the Russian government denied allegations of any involvement.^[129] WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange also stated that the Russian government was not source of the leak.^[130] In July 2018, the Special Counsel indicted 12 Russian intelligence officers for hacking and leaking the emails.^[131]

The 2016 Democratic National Convention was held from July 25–28 at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, with some events at the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The delegates selected the Democratic presidential and vice presidential nominees and wrote the party platform. A simple majority of 2,383 delegates was needed to win the presidential nomination.^[132] While most of the delegates were bound on the first ballot according to the results of the primaries, a progressively larger number of pledged delegates would have become unbound if the nomination required more than one ballot.^[133] Clinton was nominated on the first ballot by acclamation, although all states were allowed to announce how they would have voted under a typical roll call vote. On July 12, 2016, the Vermont delegates had supported Clinton in Sanders' request; asking for party unity, he dropped out on July 26, 2016 and announced he would return to the Senate as an independent.^[134]

Graphical summary of polling since 2013[edit]

Democratic Party presidential primary polling for the 2016 election (moving average is calculated from the last twelve polls)

  Hillary Clinton

  Bernie Sanders

  Joe Biden

  Martin O'Malley

  Jim Webb

  Lincoln Chafee

  Lawrence Lessig

Campaign finance[edit]

This is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to Federal Election Commission (FEC) and released on April 27, 2016. Outside groups are independent expenditure only committees—also called PACs and SuperPACs. Several such groups normally support each candidate, but the numbers in the table are a total of all of them. This means that a group of committees can be shown as technically insolvent (shown in red) even though it is not the case of all of them. The Campaign Committee's debt are shown in red if the campaign is technically insolvent. The source of all the numbers is Center for Responsive Politics.^[135] Some spending totals are not available, due to withdrawals before the FEC deadline.

Process[edit]

The Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses are indirect elections in which voters elect delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention; these delegates in turn directly elect the Democratic Party's presidential nominee. In some states, the party may disregard voters' selection of delegates or selected delegates may vote for any candidate at the state or national convention (non-binding primary or caucus). In other states, state laws and party rules require the party to select delegates according to votes, and delegates must vote for a particular candidate (binding primary or caucus). There are 4,051 pledged delegates and 714 superdelegates in the 2016 cycle.^[138] Under the party's delegate selection rules, the number of pledged delegates allocated to each of the 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. is determined using a formula based on three main factors:

1. The proportion of votes each state gave to the Democratic candidate in the last three presidential elections (2004, 2008, and 2012)


2. The number of electoral votes each state has in the United States Electoral College.


3. The stage of the primary season when they held their contest. States and territories that held their contests later are given bonus seats.

A candidate must win 2,383 delegates at the national convention, in order to win the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.^[138] For the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands and for Democrats Abroad, fixed numbers of pledged delegates are allocated. All states and territories then must have used a proportional representation system, where their pledged delegates were awarded proportionally to the election results.^[139] A candidate must receive at least 15% of the popular vote to win pledged delegates in a state. The current 714 unpledged superdelegates (or "soft" delegates) will include members of the United States House of Representatives and Senate, state and territorial governors, members of the Democratic National Committee, and other party leaders. Because of possible deaths, resignations, or the results of intervening or special elections, the final number of these superdelegates may be reduced before the convention.^[139] The Democratic National Committee also imposed rules for states that wished to hold early contests in 2016. No state was be permitted to hold a primary or caucus in January and only Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina and Nevada were entitled to February contests. Any state that violated these rules were penalized half its pledged delegates and all its superdelegates to the 2016 convention.^[139]

Schedule and results[edit]

The following are the results of candidates that won at least one state. These candidates were on the ballots for every state, territory and federal district contest. The results of caucuses did not always have attached preference polls and attendance was extremely limited. The unpledged delegate count did not always reflect the latest declared preferences.

Date	State/territory	Calculated delegates			Type[g]	Popular vote or equivalent[h]		Estimated delegates[i]
						Clinton	Sanders	Clinton			Sanders			Available[j]
		P	U	T				P	U	T	P	U	T	P	U	T
Feb 1	Iowa[140]	44	7	51	Semi-open caucus	700 SDE (49.8%)	697 SDE (49.6%)	23	6	29	21	0	21	0	1	1
Feb 9	New Hampshire[141]	24	8	32	Semi-closed primary	95,355 (37.7%)	152,193 (60.1%)	9	6	15	15	1	16	0	1	1
Feb 20	Nevada[142]	35	8	43	Closed caucus	6,316 CD (52.6%)	5,678 CD (47.3%)	20	7	27	15	1	16	0	0	0
Feb 27	South Carolina[143]	53	6	59	Open primary	272,379 (73.4%)	96,498 (26.0%)	39	5	44	14	0	14	0	1	1
Mar 1	Alabama[144]	53	7	60	Open primary	309,926 (77.8%)	76,401 (19.2%)	44	6	50	9	0	9	0	1	1
	American Samoa[145]	6	5	11	Closed caucus	162 (68.4%)	61 (25.7%)	4	4	8	2	1	3	0	0	0
	Arkansas[146]	32	5	37	Open primary	146,057 (66.1%)	66,236 (30.0%)	22	5	27	10	0	10	0	0	0
	Colorado[147]	66	12	78	Closed caucus	49,789 (40.3%)	72,846 (59.0%)	25	9	34	41	0	41	0	3	3
	Georgia[148]	102	15	117	Open primary	543,008 (71.3%)	214,332 (28.2%)	73	11	84	29	0	29	0	4	4
	Massachusetts[149][150]	91	24	115	Semi-closed primary	606,822 (49.7%)	589,803 (48.3%)	46	21	67	45	1	46	0	2	2
	Minnesota[151]	77	16	93	Open caucus	73,510 (38.4%)	118,135 (61.6%)	31	12	43	46	2	48	0	2	2
	Oklahoma[152][153]	38	4	42	Semi-closed primary	139,443 (41.5%)	174,228 (51.9%)	17	1	18	21	1	22	0	2	2
	Tennessee[154]	67	8	75	Open primary	245,930 (66.1%)	120,800 (32.5%)	44	8	52	23	0	23	0	0	0
	Texas[155]	222	29	251	Open primary	936,004 (65.2%)	476,547 (33.2%)	147	21	168	75	0	75	0	8	8
	Vermont[156][157]	16	10	26	Open primary	18,338 (13.6%)	115,900 (85.7%)	0	5	5	16	5	21	0	0	0
	Virginia[158]	95	13	108	Open primary	504,741 (64.3%)	276,370 (35.2%)	62	12	74	33	0	33	0	1	1
Mar 5	Kansas[159]	33	4	37	Closed caucus	12,593 (32.3%)	26,450 (67.7%)	10	4	14	23	0	23	0	0	0
	Louisiana[160]	51	8	59	Closed primary	221,733 (71.1%)	72,276 (23.2%)	37	6	43	14	0	14	0	2	2
	Nebraska[161]	25	5	30	Closed caucus	14,340 (42.9%)	19,120 (57.1%)	10	3	13	15	1	16	0	1	1
Mar 6	Maine[162]	25	5	30	Closed caucus	1,232 SCD (35.5%)	2,231 SCD (64.3%)	8	4	12	17	1	18	0	0	0
Mar 1–8	Democrats Abroad[163]	13	4[k]	17	Closed primary	10,689 (30.9%)	23,779 (68.9%)	4	2½	6½	9	½	9½	0	1	1
Mar 8	Michigan[164][165]	130	17	147	Open primary	581,775 (48.3%)	598,943 (49.7%)	63	13	76	67	0	67	0	4	4
	Mississippi[166]	36	5	41	Open primary	187,334 (82.5%)	37,748 (16.6%)	31	3	34	5	2	7	0	0	0
Mar 12	Northern Marianas[167]	6	5	11	Closed caucus	102 (54.0%)	65 (34.4%)	4	5	9	2	0	2	0	0	0
Mar 15	Florida[168][169]	214	32	246	Closed primary	1,101,414 (64.4%)	568,839 (33.3%)	141	24	165	73	2	75	0	6	6
	Illinois[170]	156	27	183	Open primary	1,039,555 (50.6%)	999,494 (48.6%)	79	24	103	77	1	78	0	1[j]	1[j]
	Missouri[171]	71	13	84	Open primary	312,285 (49.6%)	310,711 (49.4%)	36	11	47	35	0	35	0	2	2
	North Carolina[172]	107	14	121	Semi-closed primary	622,915 (54.5%)	467,018 (40.9%)	60	9	69	47	2	49	0	3	3
	Ohio[173][174]	143	17	160	Semi-open primary	696,681 (56.1%)	535,395 (43.1%)	81	16	97	62	1	63	0	0	0
Mar 22	Arizona[175][176]	75	10	85	Closed primary	262,459 (56.3%)	192,962 (41.4%)	42	6	48	33	1	34	0	3	3
	Idaho[177]	23	4	27	Open caucus	5,065 (21.2%)	18,640 (78.0%)	5	1	6	18	2	20	0	1	1
	Utah[178]	33	4	37	Semi-open caucus	15,666 (20.3%)	61,333 (79.3%)	6	2	8	27	2	29	0	0	0
Mar 26	Alaska[179][180]	16	4	20	Closed caucus	2,146 (20.2%)	8,447 (79.6%)	3	1	4	13	1	14	0	2	2
	Hawaii[181]	25	9	34	Semi-closed caucus	10,125 (30.0%)	23,530 (69.8%)	8	5	13	17	2	19	0	2	2
	Washington[182]	101	17	118	Open caucus	7,140 LDD (27.1%)	19,159 LDD (72.7%)	27	11	38	74	0	74	0	6	6
Apr 5	Wisconsin[183][184]	86	10	96	Open primary	433,739 (43.1%)	570,192 (56.6%)	38	9	47	48	1	49	0	0	0
Apr 9	Wyoming[185]	14	4	18	Closed caucus	124 SCD (44.3%)	156 SCD (55.7%)	7	4	11	7	0	7	0	0	0
Apr 19	New York[186][187][188]	247	44	291	Closed primary	1,133,980 (57.5%)	820,256 (41.6%)	139	41	180	108	0	108	0	3	3
Apr 26	Connecticut[189][190]	55	16	71	Closed primary	170,045 (51.8%)	152,379 (46.4%)	28	15	43	27	0	27	0	1	1
	Delaware[191][192]	21	11	32	Closed primary	55,954 (59.8%)	36,662 (39.2%)	12	11	23	9	0	9	0	0	0
	Maryland[193][194]	95	24	119	Closed primary	573,242 (62.5%)	309,990 (33.8%)	60	17	77	35	1	36	0	6	6
	Pennsylvania[195]	189	19	208	Closed primary	935,107 (55.6%)	731,881 (43.5%)	106	19	125	83	0	83	0	1	1
	Rhode Island[196][197]	24	9	33	Semi-closed primary	52,749 (43.1%)	66,993 (54.7%)	11	9	20	13	0	13	0	0	0
May 3	Indiana[198]	83	9	92	Open primary	303,705 (47.5%)	335,074 (52.5%)	39	7	46	44	0	44	0	2	2
May 7	Guam[199]	7	5	12	Closed caucus	777 (59.5%)	528 (40.5%)	4	5	9	3	0	3	0	0	0
May 10	Nebraska[200]	N/A			Closed primary	42,692 (53.1%)	37,744 (46.9%)	Non-binding primary with no delegates allocated.
	West Virginia[201]	29	8	37	Semi-closed primary	86,914 (35.8%)	124,700 (51.4%)	11	6	17	18	2	20	0	0	0
May 17	Kentucky[202][203]	55	5	60	Closed primary	212,534 (46.8%)	210,623 (46.3%)	28	2	30	27	0	27	0	3	3
	Oregon[204][205][206]	61	13	74	Closed primary	269,846 (42.1%)	360,829 (56.2%)	25	7	32	36	3	39	0	3	3
May 24	Washington[207]	N/A			Open primary[208][l]	420,461 (52.4%)	382,293 (47.6%)	Non-binding primary with no delegates allocated.
Jun 4	Virgin Islands[209][210][211]	7	5	12	Closed caucus	1,326 (87.12%)	196 (12.88%)	7	5	12	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jun 5	Puerto Rico[212]	60	7	67	Open primary	52,658 (59.7%)	33,368 (37.9%)	37	6	43	23	0	23	0	1	1
Jun 7	California[213][214]	475	76	551	Semi-closed primary	2,745,302 (53.1%)	2,381,722 (46.0%)	254	66	320	221	0	221	0	10	10
	Montana[215][216]	21	6	27	Open primary	55,805 (44.2%)	65,156 (51.6%)	10	5	15	11	1	12	0	0	0
	New Jersey[217][218][219]	126	16	142	Semi-closed primary	566,247 (63.3%)	328,058 (36.7%)	79	12	91	47	2	49	0	2	2
	New Mexico[220][221]	34	9	43	Closed primary	111,334 (51.5%)	104,741 (48.5%)	18	9	27	16	0	16	0	0	0
	North Dakota[222]	18	5	23	Open caucus[223][m]	106 SCD (25.6%)	258 SCD (64.2%)	5	1	6	13	1	14	0	3	3
	South Dakota[224][225]	20	5	25	Semi-closed primary[226]	27,047 (51.0%)	25,959 (49.0%)	10	2	12	10	0	10	0	3	3
Jun 14	District of Columbia[227][228]	20	25	45	Closed primary	76,704 (78.0%)	20,361 (20.7%)	16	23	39	4	2	6	0	0	0
Total		4,051	712	4,763		16,847,084 (55.20%)[a]	13,168,222 (43.14%)[a]	2,205	570½	2,775½	1,846	43½	1,889½	0	97[j]	97[j]
Date	State/territory	P	U	T	Type	Clinton	Sanders	P	U	T	P	U	T	P	U	T
		Calculated delegates				Popular vote or equivalent		Clinton delegates			Sanders delegates			Available delegates
view talk edit

Superdelegate endorsements[edit]

Superdelegates are elected officials and members of the Democratic National Committee who will vote at the Democratic National Convention for their preferred candidate. Also known as unpledged delegates, they comprise 15% of the convention (712 votes out of 4,763) and they may change their preference at any time. The table below reflects current public endorsements of candidates by superdelegates, as detailed and sourced in the full list above. Because commonly referenced estimates of superdelegate support, including those by CNN^[229] and the AP,^[230] do not identify individual delegates as supporting a given candidate, their published tallies may differ from the totals computed here.

Note: Democrats Abroad Superdelegates are assigned half-votes; each of them accounts for ½ rather than 1 in the table above.

Maps[edit]

• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Breakdown of the results in vote distribution, by state
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Results in pledged delegates, by county
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Results in popular vote margin, by state
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Results in popular vote margin, by county
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Breakdown of the results in pledged delegates, by state
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Breakdown of the results in total delegate count, by state
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Results in pledged delegates, by state
  

  
  

  
  

See also[edit]

Related

Democratic Party articles

• Results of the Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016


• Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2016 presidential primaries


• Statewide opinion polling for the Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016


• Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016


• Democratic Party presidential debates, 2016


• Democratic Party presidential primaries

Presidential primaries

• Constitution Party presidential primaries, 2016


• Green Party presidential primaries, 2016


• Libertarian Party presidential primaries, 2016


• Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

National conventions

• 2016 Constitution Party National Convention


• 2016 Democratic National Convention


• 2016 Green National Convention


• 2016 Libertarian National Convention


• 2016 Republican National Convention

Notes[edit]

References[edit]