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在阿杰梅尔圣殿中演奏的卡瓦利

卡瓦力（波斯体：قوّالی‬；旁遮普語：ਕਵਾਲੀ （古木基文）；印地语：क़व्वाली；孟加拉语：কাওয়ালি），又译卡瓦利，是苏非派的一种宗教音乐，在神庙中演出。它起源于印度次大陆，传说是13世纪德里的苏菲派圣人阿米尔·库斯洛将波斯、阿拉伯和印度音乐融合而形成的^[1]。20世纪它开始走出庙宇，通过努斯拉·法帖·阿里·汗等音乐家传播而走向了世界。

卡瓦力多以波斯语、乌尔都语、印度语、孟加拉语和旁遮普语歌唱^[2]，也有少数是以西莱基语等地方性语言流传下来的^[3]^[4]。

参考文献

^ ‘Aaj rang hai’ - Qawwali revisited. TwoCircle.net. [8 March 2013]. , Retrieved 16 September 2015

^ Monograph Series, Issues 20-23. Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California. 1979: 124. Qawwali texts exist in Persian, Urdu and Hindi.

^ Bollywood Reinvents the Qawwali – With a Vengeance. The Day After: An International Illustrated Newsmagazine of India. [23 February 2007]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-26）.

^ Delhi’s Qawwal Bachchon ka Gharana lights up Ramadan night at T2F. Daily Times: Leading News Resource of Pakistan. [23 February 2007].

外部连接

BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): The Nizamuddin shrine in Delhi.

BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): A mahfil Sufi gathering in Karachi.

Origin and History of the Qawwali, Adam Nayyar, Lok Virsa Research Centre, Islamabad. 1988.

QAWWALI PAGE Islamic Devotional Music，David Courtney

['Aaj_rang_hai'-_Qawwali_revisited-1] ‘Aaj rang hai’ - Qawwali revisited. TwoCircle.net. [8 March 2013]. , Retrieved 16 September 2015

[2] Monograph Series, Issues 20-23. Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California. 1979: 124. Qawwali texts exist in Persian, Urdu and Hindi.

[The_Day_After-Qawwali-3] Bollywood Reinvents the Qawwali – With a Vengeance. The Day After: An International Illustrated Newsmagazine of India. [23 February 2007]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-26）.

[Daily_Times-Delhi’s_Qawwal_Bachchon_ka_Gharana_lights_up_Ramadan_night_at_T2F-4] Delhi’s Qawwal Bachchon ka Gharana lights up Ramadan night at T2F. Daily Times: Leading News Resource of Pakistan. [23 February 2007].