刚毛猪笼草

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刚毛猪笼草

Nep hir267.jpg
产自婆罗洲巴哥国家公园的刚毛猪笼草的上位笼

保护状况



依赖保育(IUCN 2.3)


科学分类 编辑
界:
植物界 Plantae
演化支:
被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支:
真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目:
石竹目 Caryophyllales
科:
猪笼草科 Nepenthaceae
属:
猪笼草属 Nepenthes

种:

刚毛猪笼草 N. hirsuta

二名法

Nepenthes hirsuta
Hook.f. (1873)[1]

異名


  • Nepenthes leptochila
    Danser (1928)

刚毛猪笼草(学名:Nepenthes hirsuta)是婆罗洲特有的热带食虫植物。[2]其最大的特点就是披被着厚厚一层棕色的毛被,而其他猪笼草多只在花序上具毛被。捕虫笼多为全绿色,内表面具一些红色的斑点。[3]其种加词“hirsuta”来源于拉丁文“hirsūtus”,意为“多毛的,刚毛的”。[4]


刚毛猪笼草生长于海拔200米至1100米处。[5]其分布广泛于荒原森林、覆满苔藓的低地山地森林、开阔地和山脊下部的灌木丛。其通常生长在砂质土壤上。[4]




目录





  • 1 相关物种


  • 2 种下类群


  • 3 自然杂交种


  • 4 参考文献


  • 5 扩展阅读




相关物种


刚毛猪笼草与粗毛猪笼草N. hispida和大型平庸猪笼草N. macrovulgaris之间存在着密切的近缘关系。植物学家马修·杰布和马丁·奇克还认为刚毛猪笼草与菲律宾巴拉望特有的菲律宾猪笼草N. philippinensis之间存在着密切的近缘关系。[6][7]



























大型平庸猪笼草、刚毛猪笼草和粗毛猪笼草之间形态特征的差别(Steiner, 2002 after Clarke, 1997)
形态特征大型平庸猪笼草刚毛猪笼草粗毛猪笼草
叶片不长于30厘米,椭圆形至线形

革质,不长于20厘米,管状-匙形或倒卵形
革质,不长于28厘米,倒披针形至长圆形
叶尖
急尖至钝尖
急尖或浑圆
渐尖至钝尖,常不等
叶基渐缩成带翼的叶柄,基部的叶柄翼更宽大,约包住茎周长的二分之一,不下延
减缩,横向平展,约包住茎周长的二分之一减缩,约包住茎周长的二分之一,常下延
纵脉中脉两侧各2至3条不明显中脉两侧各3条
毛被成熟的捕虫笼和茎无毛被,发育中的捕虫笼有少量的短毛茎覆盖着褐色的长毛,但不呈类似粗毛猪笼草的鬃毛状茎覆盖着浓密的鬃毛状紫灰色毛被

在食虫植物数据库中,分类学家简·斯洛尔(Jan Schlauer)将粗毛猪笼草列为刚毛猪笼草的同物异名。[8]



种下类群



  • Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrata Macf. (1908)[9]


  • Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens W.G.Sm. (1882)[10] [=N. distillatoria]


  • Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens rubra auct. non Hort. ex Rafarin: Nichols. (1892) [=N. distillatoria]


  • Nepenthes hirsuta var. typica Macf. (1908) nom.illeg.


自然杂交种



  • N. albomarginata × N. hirsuta[4]


  • N. ampullaria × N. hirsuta[4]

  • ? N. hirsuta × N. lowii[5][11]


参考文献




  1. ^ (拉丁文) Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.


  2. ^ 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 75. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9. 


  3. ^ Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.


  4. ^ 4.04.14.24.3 Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.


  5. ^ 5.05.1 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.


  6. ^ Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 1999. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) in Palawan, Philippines. Kew Bulletin 54(4): 887–895. doi:10.2307/4111166


  7. ^ Schlauer, J. 2000. Literature Reviews.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 29(2): 53.


  8. ^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes hirsuta. Carnivorous Plant Database.


  9. ^ Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.


  10. ^ Smith, W.G. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(430): 398–399.


  11. ^ Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.


.mw-parser-output .refbeginfont-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ullist-style-type:none;margin-left:0.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>ddmargin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100font-size:100%

  • Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes.PDF Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.

  • Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae).PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 22(1): 1–7.

  • Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x

  • Bourke, G. 2010. The climbing pitcher plants of the Kelabit highlands.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 4–7.

  • Bourke, G. 2010. Plant profile: Nepenthes hirsuta Kuching Spotted.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(3): 10.

  • Bourke, G. 2011. The Nepenthes of Mulu National Park. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 20–31.

  • Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.


  • Nepenthes hirsuta. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2000. 

  • Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.

  • Damayanti, F., M. Mansur & I. Roostika 2011. Diversity of Nepenthes spp. in West Kalimantan. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 3(13): 705–708.

  • Lee, C.C. 2000. Recent Nepenthes Discoveries. [video] The 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society, San Francisco, USA.

  • Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes species of the Hose Mountains in Sarawak, Borneo.PDF Proceedings of the 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference, Hiroshima University, Tokyo: 25–30.

  • Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes species of the Hose Mountains in Sarawak, Borneo. [video] The 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference, Tokyo, Japan. (video by Irmgard & Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer)


  • (印尼文) Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.


  • (印尼文) Mansur, M. 2007. Keanekaragaman jenis Nepenthes (kantong semar) dataran rendah di Kalimantan Tengah. [Diversity of lowland Nepenthes (kantong semar) in Central Kalimantan.] Berita Biologi 8(5): 335–341. Abstract

  • Mansur, M. & F.Q. Brearley 2008. Ecological studies on Nepenthes at Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 9(3): 271–276.

  • McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.

  • Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897


  • (德文) Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.

  • Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676

  • Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023

  • Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2011. A sticky situation: assessing adaptations for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales by means of stochastic character mapping. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172(7): 889–901. doi:10.1086/660882

  • Russell, C. & E. Ossian 1990. Opportunistic feeding involving the pitcher plants Nepenthes hirsuta, Nepenthes gracilis and the epiphytic orchid Schomburgkia tibicinis, or natural ant eradication, the rube goldberg method. The Orchid Digest 54(4): 182–184.

  • Steiner, H. 2002. Borneo: Its Mountains and Lowlands with their Pitcher Plants. Toihaan Publishing Company, Kota Kinabalu. viii + 136 pp.

  • Thorogood, C. 2010. The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives. Nova Science Publishers, New York.



扩展阅读




  • 食虫植物照片搜寻引擎中刚毛猪笼草的照片

維基共享資源中有關刚毛猪笼草的多媒體資源
維基物種中有關刚毛猪笼草的數據



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