翼狀豬籠草

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翼狀豬籠草

Nepenthes alata ASR 062007 mt ambucao luzon.jpg
翼狀豬籠草的上位笼，攝於呂宋島北部巴纳韦及萨加达附近

科学分类 编辑
界：
植物界 Plantae
演化支：
被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：
真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目：
石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：
猪笼草科 Nepenthaceae
属：
猪笼草属 Nepenthes

种：

翼狀豬籠草 N. alata

二名法

Nepenthes alata
Blanco, 1837[1]

異名

同物异名



  • Nepenthes blancoi
    Blume (1852)[2]
    [after neotypification][3]


  • Nepenthes cristata
    Brongn. (1824)[4]
    [=N. alata/N. madagascariensis]


  • Nepenthes melamphora
    auct. non Reinw. ex Blume: Fern.-Vill. (1880)

异物同名



  • Nepenthes alata
    auct. non Blanco: Danser (1928)[5]
    [=N. abalata/N. alata/?N. benstonei/
    N. copelandii/N. eustachya/N. graciliflora/
    N. mindanaoensis/N. mirabilis/
    N. negros/N. philippinensis    ][6][7][8]


  • Nepenthes alata
    auct. non Blanco: Smythies (1965)[9]
    [=N. stenophylla]


  • Nepenthes alata
    auct. non Blanco: Sh.Kurata (1973);[10]
    Tamin & M.Hotta in M.Hotta (1986);[11]
    M.Hopkins, Maulder & B.R.Salmon (1990)[12]
    [=N. alata/N. eustachya]


  • Nepenthes alata
    auct. non Blanco: Shivas (1984)[13]
    [=N. gracillima]


  • Nepenthes alata
    auct. non Blanco: Jebb & Cheek (1997);[14]
    Jebb & Jebb (2001)[15]
    [=N. abalata/N. alata]


  • Nepenthes alata
    auct. non Blanco: Tamin & M.Hotta in M.Hotta (1986)
    [=N. alata/N. eustachya]


  • Nepenthes alata
    auct. non Blanco: M.Hopkins, Maulder & B.R.Salmon (1990)
    [=N. alata/N. eustachya]


翼狀豬籠草[16]（學名：Nepenthes alata），又名紅豬籠草，是菲律賓特有的熱帶食蟲植物。[6][17]其種加詞“alata”來源於拉丁文“alatus”，意為“翼狀的”。


翼状猪笼草长期以来被视为是一种形态多样性极高且分布范围涵盖整个菲律宾群岛的物种（巴拉望岛例外）。[18]所以在这个定义下其分布范围被视作为0至1900米[17]，其中包括保和島、卡米金岛、宿雾岛、库利昂岛、莱特岛、吕宋岛、棉兰老岛、民都洛岛、内格罗斯岛、班乃岛、薩馬島[19][20]及锡布延岛。同时，翼状猪笼草在这个定义下也是猪笼草属中种植得最为广泛且的物种。[21]


2013年，马修·杰布与马丁·奇克重新分类了仅分布于吕宋岛北部及中部的物种，这些物种的捕虫笼均具有显著的毛被（这些类群在园艺上被称之为“多毛翼状猪笼草”）。[6]根据这种分类，分布于更南部的类群则被指向一个被恢复的物种——小花猪笼草（N. graciliflora，园艺上的“典型翼状猪笼草”，其分布于保和島、莱特岛、吕宋岛、棉兰老岛、民都洛岛、班乃岛、薩馬島及锡布延岛）及新描述的内格罗斯岛猪笼草（N. negros，比利蘭島及内格罗斯岛）与拉莫斯猪笼草（N. negros，棉兰老岛）。[6][22]分布于迪纳加特岛与薩馬島的绿猪笼草（N. viridis）也为其近亲[23]，此外还有塞西尔猪笼草（N. ceciliae，棉兰老岛）、科普兰猪笼草（N. copelandii，迪纳加特岛与棉兰老岛）、绝灭猪笼草（N. extincta，棉兰老岛）、汉密吉伊坦山猪笼草（N. hamiguitanensi，棉兰老岛）、奇坦兰山猪笼草（N. kitanglad，棉兰老岛）、仓田猪笼草（N. kurata，棉兰老岛）、莱特岛猪笼草（N. leyte，莱特岛）、萨兰加尼猪笼草（N. saranganiensis，棉兰老岛）及超基猪笼草（N. ultra，吕宋岛）。[6][17][22][24][25][26]这些物种属于被称之为“翼状猪笼草组”的分类群，这些物种之间存在着许多共同特征，比如叶柄具翼、捕虫笼笼盖下表面基部存在附属物，及上位笼基部通常较宽。[24][6]


在園藝上，翼狀豬籠草是最容易栽培且栽培得最廣泛的物種之一，在台湾曾广泛栽培。但因其与葫芦猪笼草（N. ventricosa）的杂交种——红瓶猪笼草（N. × ventrata）更易种植且外观更优越。园艺上，翼状猪笼草逐渐被红瓶猪笼草代替，已少有人栽培。[16]




目录





  • 1 分类关系


  • 2 种下类群


  • 3 自然杂交种


  • 4 参考文献


  • 5 扩展阅读




分类关系


翼状猪笼草与许多其他的猪笼草物种间存在着密切的近缘关系，包括科普兰猪笼草、棉兰老岛猪笼草 和萨兰加尼猪笼草。产自苏门答腊的真穗猪笼草（N. eustachya）曾一度因模式标本的误释而被认为是翼状猪笼草的一个变种；实际上这两个物种间并没有密切的近缘关系。
























翼状猪笼草与真穗猪笼草之间形态特征的区别（Jebb & Cheek, 1997）
形态特征翼状猪笼草真穗猪笼草
叶片
披针形－卵形		披针形
叶尖
急尖或渐尖
圆形至亚盾形
叶柄呈槽状略呈或根本不呈槽状
笼蔓尾不分叉，尖锐不分叉或分叉
毛被红色或白色通体无毛

捕虫笼基部形状		结构与捕虫笼的其余部分类似，渐尖至笼蔓角状，木质，渐尖至笼蔓


种下类群




翼状猪笼草的下位笼



  • N. alata f. variegata Hort. ex P.Mann (1996) nom.nud.


  • N. alata var. biflora Macfarl. (1908)[27][=N. negros][6]


  • N. alata var. ecristata Macfarl. (1908)[27][=N. mindanaoensis][28]


自然杂交种



  • N. alata × N. burkei[17]


  • N. alata × N. merrilliana [=N. × merrilliata][20][29]

  • ? (N. alata × N. merrilliana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × tsangoya]


  • N. alata × N. mindanaoensis[17]


  • N. alata × N. mirabilis [=N. × mirabilata][15][30]

  • ?N. alata × N. petiolata[15][30]


  • N. alata × N. pulchra[18]


  • N. alata × N. truncata [=N. × truncalata][29]


  • N. alata × N. ventricosa [=N. × ventrata][31]


参考文献




  1. ^ （西班牙文） Blanco, F.M. 1837. Nepenthes. In: Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo. Sto. Thomas por D. Candido Lopez, Manila. pp. 805–809.


  2. ^ （拉丁文） Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.


  3. ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Identification and typification of Nepenthes blancoi, with N. abalata sp. nov. from the western Visayas, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(2): 151–156. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00012.x


  4. ^ （法文） Brongniart, A. 1824. Observations sur les genres Cytinus et Nepenthes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 1: 29–52.


  5. ^ Danser, B.H. 1928. 1. Nepenthes alata Blanco. [pp. 258–26]. In: The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.


  6. ^ 6.06.16.26.36.46.56.6 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(5): 616–622. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x


  7. ^ Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2013-10-07. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.


  8. ^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes alata. Carnivorous Plant Database.


  9. ^ Smythies, B.E. 1965. The distribution and ecology of pitcher-plants (Nepenthes) in Sarawak. UNESCO Humid Tropics Symposium, June–July 1963, Kuching, Sarawak.


  10. ^ Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.


  11. ^ （印尼文） Tamin, R. & M. Hotta 1986. Nepenthes di Sumatera: The genus Nepenthes of the Sumatra Island. In: M. Hotta (ed.) Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra: Forest Ecosystem and Speciation in Wet Tropical Environments. Part 1: Reports and Collection of Papers. Kyoto University, Kyoto. pp. 75–109.


  12. ^ Hopkins, M., R. Maulder & B.[R.] Salmon 1990. A real nice trip to Southeast Asia.PDF (1.72 MiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(1–2): 19–28.


  13. ^ Shivas, R.G. 1984. Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore. Maruzen Asia, Kuala Lumpur.


  14. ^ Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.


  15. ^ 15.015.115.2 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.


  16. ^ 16.016.1 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 48. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9. 


  17. ^ 17.017.117.217.317.4 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.


  18. ^ 18.018.1 McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.


  19. ^ Suarez, W. 2011. Samar's Nepenthes alata. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, January 12, 2011.


  20. ^ 20.020.1 Robinson, A. 2012. Nepenthes merrilliana on Samar. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, June 29, 2012.


  21. ^ Catalano, M. 2009. Nepenthes. In: Growing Carnivores — an Italian perspective. Prague. pp. 50–57.


  22. ^ 22.022.1 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes ramos (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Willdenowia 43(1): 107–111. doi:10.3372/wi.43.43112


  23. ^ （德文） Micheler, M., T. Gronemeyer, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, W. Suarez & V. Amoroso 2013. Nepenthes viridis, eine neue Nepenthes-Art von der Insel Dinagat, Philippinen. Das Taublatt 76: 4–21.


  24. ^ 24.024.1 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.69


  25. ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes ultra (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Blumea, published online on October 24, 2013. doi:10.3767/000651913X675124


  26. ^ Mey, F.S. 2013. The Nepenthes alata group: resurrection of N. graciliflora ; N. ramos and N. negros described as new species. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, August 27, 2013.


  27. ^ 27.027.1 Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.


  28. ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.69


  29. ^ 29.029.1 Mann, P. 1998. A trip to the Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(1): 6–11.


  30. ^ 30.030.1 Kurata, S. & M. Toyoshima 1972. Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(1): 155–158. Abstract 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-07-22.


  31. ^ Fleming, R. 1979. Hybrid Nepenthes.PDF (626 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 8(1): 10–12.


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  • （德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.

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  • Merrill, E.D. 1905. Nepenthaceæ. In: A review of the identifications of the species described in Blanco's Flora de Filipinas. Bureau of Public Printing, Manila. p. 72.

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  • Mey, F.S. 2013. Nepenthes alzapan and an army of new species from the Philippines. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, July 15, 2013.

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  • Owen, T.P., K.A. Lennon, M.J. Santo & A.N. Anderson 1999. Pathways for nutrient transport in the pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata.PDF Annals of Botany 84: 459–466. doi:10.1006/anbo.1998.0944

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  • Slack, A. 1979. Nepenthes alata. In: Carnivorous Plants. Ebury Press, London. pp. 85–86.

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  • （印尼文） Syamsuardi & R. Tamin 1994. Kajian kekerabatan jenis-jenis Nepenthes di Sumatera Barat. Project report, Andalas University, Padang. Abstract


  • （印尼文） Syamsuardi 1995. Klasifikasi numerik kantong semar (Nepenthes) di Sumatera Barat. [Numerical classification of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) in West Sumatra.] Journal Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam 4(1): 48–57. Abstract

  • Thornhill, A.H., I.S. Harper & N.D. Hallam 2008. The development of the digestive glands and enzymes in the pitchers of three Nepenthes species: N. alata, N. tobaica, and N. ventricosa (Nepenthaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 169(5): 615–624. doi:10.1086/533599

  • Uy, B.D. 1990. The granchina Nepenthes of the Phillipines in retrospect.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(1–2): 18–19.

  • Wang, L.-X. & Q. Zhou 2010. Numerical characterization of surface structures of slippery zone in Nepenthes alata pitchers and its mechanism of reducing locust's attachment. Advances in Natural Science 3(2): 152–160.


  • （中文） Wu, X., J. Li, Q. Zhong & X. Wu 2005. 猪笼草组培快繁技术. [Tissue culture and fast propagation in Nepenthes alata.] Nonwood Forest Research 23(4): 48–50.



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猪笼草属 Nepenthes （列表）








猪笼草属物种列表 • 豬籠草屬物種分佈地區列表 • 猪笼草属自然杂交种列表 • 猪笼草属栽培种列表 • 猪笼草属文献列表 • 猪笼草内生微生物列表 • 猪笼草属分类学 • 猪笼草底内动物 • 猪笼草蛋白酶 • 猪笼草目
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