達利語
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達利語 | |
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دری | |
以波斯字母寫的「達利語」一詞 (字體為波斯體) | |
发音 | .mw-parser-output .IPAfont-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visitedtext-decoration:none!important Template:IPA-prs |
母语国家和地区 | 阿富汗 |
母语使用人数 | 12.5百萬(2000–2011)[1] 為阿富汗50%人口[2][3][4] |
語系 | 印歐語系
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文字 | 波斯體 |
官方地位 | |
作为官方语言 | 阿富汗 |
管理机构 | Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan |
語言代碼 | |
ISO 639-3 | 分別為: prs-Dari, Afghan Persian aiq-Aimaq haz-哈扎拉吉語 |
Glottolog | dari1249 Dari[5]aima1241 Aimaq[6]haza1239 Hazaragi[7] |
語言瞭望站 | 58-AAC-ce (Dari) + 58-AAC-cdo & cdp (Hazaragi) + 58-AAC-ck (Aimaq) |
達利語(درى)dari,也译作達里語,又称达利波斯语或阿富汗波斯语,是一种在阿富汗使用的波斯语的变体。
一種說法是,“درى”一字是從“Farsi-e Darbari”轉變而來,意思是“波斯王室的語言”。它是由公元980年在中亞的萨曼王朝(سامانیان)王室語言發展成為波斯的主要語言。另一個理論是,那來自“درعا”一字,意思是“山谷”,指的是現今伊朗東北呼羅珊(خراسان)的深谷地區,發展出的語言。
現在“達利語(درى)”一詞是用來指三種不同的方言或語言:
درى(达利语)是在当今阿富汗境内使用的一种波斯語方言。- 伊朗西北方的拜火教徒,用درى(也叫Gabri 或者درى)來稱呼他們自己的語言。
- 在古典波斯聖書《阿維斯陀》也以درى來稱呼波斯語。
目录
1 参考文献
2 延伸閱讀
3 參見
4 外部連結
参考文献
^ Dari, Afghan Persian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Aimaq at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
哈扎拉吉語 at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
^ CIA – The World Factbook, "Afghanistan", Updated on 8 July 2010. Cia.gov. [19 August 2013].
^ Afghanistan v. Languages. Ch. M. Kieffer. Encyclopædia Iranica, online ed. [10 December 2010].Persian (2) is the language most spoken in Afghanistan. The native tongue of twenty five percent of the population ...
^ Dari. UCLA International Institute: Center for World Languages. University of California, Los Angeles. [10 December 2010]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-05).
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Dari. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Aimaq. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Hazaragi. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
延伸閱讀
.mw-parser-output .refbeginfont-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ullist-style-type:none;margin-left:0.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>ddmargin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100font-size:100%
- Lazard, G. "Darī – The New Persian Literary Language" in Encyclopædia Iranica Online Edition.
Phillott, Douglas Craven. Higher Persian grammar for the use of the Calcutta University, showing differences between Afgan and modern Persian; with notes on rhetoric. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press. 1919.- Sakaria, S. (1967) Concise English – Afghan Dari Dictionary, Ferozsons, Kabul, OCLC 600815
- Farhadi, A. G. R.('Abd-ul-Ghafur Farhadi)(Abd-ul-ghafûr Farhâdi) (1955) Le Persan Parlé en Afghanistan: Grammaire du Kâboli Accompagné d'un Recueil de Quatrains Populaires de la Région de Kâbol, Centre national de la recherche scientifique or Librairie C. Klincksieck, Paris.
- Farhadi, Rawan A. G. (1975) The Spoken Dari of Afghanistan: A Grammar of Kaboli Dari (Persian) Compared to the Literary Language, Peace Corps, Kabul, OCLC 24699677
- Zellem, Edward. 2015. Zarbul Masalha: 151 Afghan Dari Proverbs, 3rd edition. Charleston: CreateSpace.
- Zellem, Edward. 2012. Afghan Proverbs Illustrated. Charleston: CreateSpace.
https://archive.org/details/azu_acku_pk6874_qaaf42_1365. 1979. 缺少或|title=
为空 (帮助)
參見
- 波斯語語法
外部連結
维基孵育场的維基百科語言試驗版: 達利語試驗版 |
Dari在《大英百科全书》在线版的页面 (英文)
Dari at Encyclopædia Iranica- Dari language, alphabet and pronunciation
- Dari language resources
- Dari alphabet
- Learn Dari
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