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LNER Class A2








LNER Class A2


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LNER Class A2

A2 class 1923.jpg
Class A2 2400 on trial at King's Cross Station in June 1923











Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerVincent Raven
BuilderNER/LNER Darlington Works
Build date1922 (2), 1924 (3)
Total produced5






























Specifications
Configuration:
 • Whyte
4-6-2
 • UIC
2′C1′ h3
Gauge
4 ft 8 12 in (1,435 mm)
Leading dia.3 ft 1.25 in (0.946 m)

Driver dia.
6 ft 8 in (2.032 m)
Trailing dia.3 ft 9.25 in (1.149 m)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity5.5 long tons (5.6 t)
Water cap4,125 imp gal (18,750 l)
Boiler pressure200 psi (1.38 MPa) (most), 180 psi (1.24 MPa) (2404)
CylindersThree
Cylinder size19 in × 26 in (483 mm × 660 mm)
Valve gearStephenson
Valve type
8 34-inch (220 mm) piston valves


Performance figures
Tractive effort29,918 lbf (133.08 kN) (most), 26,926 lbf (119.77 kN) (2404)








Career
Operators
  • North Eastern Railway

  • London and North Eastern Railway

Numbers2400–2404
Withdrawn1936–1937
DispositionAll scrapped

The first London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Class A2 was a class of 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed by Vincent Raven for the North Eastern Railway (as NER class 4.6.2).[1] Two were built by the NER in 1922 before the grouping and another three by the LNER in 1924. Their LNER numbers were 2400–2404. All five locomotives were named by the LNER.




Contents





  • 1 Origins


  • 2 Design


  • 3 Performance


  • 4 Assessment


  • 5 Stock list


  • 6 Notes


  • 7 References


  • 8 External links




Origins[edit]


The NER was the largest and most prosperous of the railway companies that would make up the LNER from 1923 and provided the general manager of the new railway company. However the chief mechanical engineer of the NER, Sir Vincent Raven was at retirement age and the new post was eventually offered to Nigel Gresley of the Great Northern Railway. He had introduced a powerful new A1 Class pacific in April 1922, and Raven was anxious to show that the NER could keep up with the race for increased power.[2] Raven's rival design was authorised at the same time as the introduction of the A1 class publicised in the railway press in July 1922 although the first two examples did not appear from Darlington Railway Works until late December, and only one of them ran before the beginnings of the LNER.[3]



Design[edit]


The new class was an enlarged version of the successful Z class Atlantics (later LNER C7 class) with a larger boiler, larger cylinders and wide firebox. The boiler pressure was also increased to 200 psi (1.38 MPa).[3] They shared with the Gresley K3 class the record for the largest diameter boiler in Britain, at 6 ft (1.83 m). Also, because of the great length of their parallel boilers, the locomotives earned the nickname 'Skittle-alleys'.[4]


Components for three further examples of the class had been prepared by Darlington works, and construction of these was authorised in February 1923.[4] This was the same month that Nigel Gresley took up office.and may have been ordered without his knowledge.[3] These locomotives appeared in March 1924. However, comparative trials between the first two examples of the A1 and A2 classes conducted in the summer of 1923 showed that the A1 was a more technically advanced machine and no more Raven A2s were built.[5]Thus the A1 was chosen as the LNER's standard express passenger locomotive



Performance[edit]


The performance of the locomotives was adequate for the needs of their intended use on the East Coast Main Line between York and Edinburgh but disappointing and with higher coal consumption compared to the A1 class. They also suffered from a long wheelbase 40 ft 5 in (12.32 m) wheelbase which limited their route availability elsewhere.[4]


In an attempt to improve the steaming of the class Gresley rebuilt No. 2404 with an A1-style taper boiler in 1929, reducing the boiler pressure to 180 psi (1.24 MPa) but no noticeable improvement was achieved. Therefore, once the locomotives came due for heavy repair during 1936-37 they were all withdrawn from service and scrapped.[6]



Assessment[edit]


According to the Railway Correspondence and Travel Society survey of the Locomotives of the L.N.E.R. 'the design was an unhappy swan-song to the North Eastern locomotive development - it was their biggest, but somewhat below the best that Darlington could do.'[5] In the opinion of Allen, 'prestige rather than real need was the predominant consideration; in the design.[4]



Stock list[edit]
































LNER
No.
Name
Built
Withdrawn
Notes
2400

City of Newcastle

December 1922

April 1937

2401

City of Kingston upon Hull

December 1922

July 1936

2402

City of York

March 1924

July 1936

2403

City of Durham

March 1924

May 1937

2404

City of Ripon

March 1924

February 1937
Fitted with modified A1 boiler in September 1929


Notes[edit]




  1. ^ Boddy et al. 1963, p. 22.


  2. ^ Allen 1962, p. 15.


  3. ^ abc Boddy, Neve & Yeadon 1973, p. 136.


  4. ^ abcd Allen 1962, p. 16.


  5. ^ ab Boddy, Neve & Yeadon 1973, p. 137-8.


  6. ^ Allen 1962, p. 18.



References[edit]



  • Allen, Cecil J. (1962). British Pacific Locomotives. London: Ian Allan..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  • Appleby, Ken (1993). Britain's Rail Super Centres: York. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-2072-8.


  • Boddy, M. G.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W. B. (July 1963). Fry, E. V., ed. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 1: Preliminary Survey. Potters Bar: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-11-8.


  • Boddy, M. G.; Neve, E.; Yeadon, W. B. (April 1973). Fry, E. V., ed. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 2A: Tender Engines—Classes A1 to A10. Kenilworth: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-25-8.


  • Yeadon, W. B. (1991). Yeadon’s Register of LNER Locomotives, Vol. 3: Raven, Thompson and Peppercorn Pacifics. Irwell Press.


External links[edit]


  • LNER Encyclopedia








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