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WD Austerity 2-8-0








WD Austerity 2-8-0


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WD Austerity 2-8-0

WD Austerity 90733 Haworth Loco Yard.jpg
90733 at Haworth, 15 July 2007











Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerR.A. Riddles
Builder
  • North British Locomotive Company

  • Vulcan Foundry

Build date1943–45
Total produced935




















































Specifications
Configuration:
 • Whyte
2-8-0
 • UIC
1′D h2
Gauge
4 ft 8 12 in (1,435 mm)
Leading dia.3 ft 2 in (965 mm)

Driver dia.
4 ft 8 12 in (1,435 mm)
Length63 ft 6 in (19.35 m) over buffers
Axle load15 long tons 12 cwt (34,900 lb or 15.9 t)
Adhesive weight61 long tons 5 cwt (137,200 lb or 62.2 t)
Loco weight70 long tons 5 cwt (157,400 lb or 71.4 t)
Tender weight55 long tons 10 cwt (124,300 lb or 56.4 t)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity9 long tons 0 cwt (20,200 lb or 9.1 t)
Water cap5,000 imperial gallons (23,000 l; 6,000 US gal)
Firebox:
 • Firegrate area
28.6 sq ft (2.66 m2)
Boiler pressure225 lbf/in2 (1.55 MPa)
Heating surface:
 • Tubes
1,068 sq ft (99.2 m2)
 • Flues451 sq ft (41.9 m2)
 • Firebox168 sq ft (15.6 m2)
Superheater:
 • Type28-element Melesco
 • Heating area298 sq ft (27.7 m2)
CylindersTwo, outside
Cylinder size19 in × 28 in (483 mm × 711 mm)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Valve type10-inch (250 mm) piston valves


Performance figures
Tractive effort34,215 lbf (152.20 kN)






Career
Power class8F
Axle load class
Route availability 6
DispositionOne preserved, remainder scrapped.

The War Department (WD) "Austerity" 2-8-0 is a type of heavy freight steam locomotive that was introduced in 1943 for war service. A total of 935 were built, making this one of the most-produced classes of British steam locomotive.




Contents





  • 1 Overview


  • 2 Post-war disposal


  • 3 Postwar WD service


  • 4 Accidents and incidents


  • 5 Preservation


  • 6 Gallery


  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


  • 9 External links




Overview[edit]


The Austerity 2-8-0 was based on the LMS Class 8F, which until that point had been the government's standard design. Various modifications were made to the 8F design by R.A. Riddles in order to prioritise low cost over design life. These included a boiler of simpler construction which was parallel rather than tapered and a round-topped firebox rather than a Belpaire firebox. The firebox was made of steel rather than the rarer and more expensive copper.


The North British Locomotive Company (NBL) of Glasgow built 545 (split between their two works at Hyde Park and Queen's Park) and the Vulcan Foundry (VF) of Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire, built 390. North British also built a larger 2-10-0 version.












































































WD numbersBuilderWorks Nos.QuantityDate
800–879NBL (Queen's Park)24891–970801944
7000–49NBL (Hyde Park)24971–25020501943
7050–7149VF4866–49651001943
7150–7262
NBL (Hyde Park)
25021–170
1131943
7263–7299371944
7300–7416
NBL (Queen's Park)
25171–320
1171943
7417–49331944
7450–64
VF
4966–80151943
7465–75094981–5025451944
8510–30NBL (Queen's Park)
25321–70
211944
8531–59
NBL (Hyde Park)
291945
8560–8611
25371–435
521944
8612–8624131945
8625–8718
VF
5026–5119941944
9177–92435120–86671944
9244–93125187–5255691945

WD nos. 800–879 were ordered as LMS Class 8F. No. 9312, the last one built, was named Vulcan when new. NBL builder's plates were not all in correct sequence, and were mixed up between the two works as well as between batches. All locomotives had their WD numbers increased by 70000 prior to shipping to mainland Europe; those completed after 5 September 1944 carried their 70000 series numbers from new. All but three (WD nos. 77223, 77369 and 79250) saw service with the British Army in mainland Europe after D-Day.[1][2]



Post-war disposal[edit]


After the end of the conflict, the War Department disposed of 930 locomotives (Two engines being retained by the War Department and three being scrapped).


After the Second World War, 200 were sold to the LNER, who classified them as "Class O7" and numbered them 3000–3199. In 1948, 533 more were purchased by the British Transport Commission.


With the formation of British Railways, the 733 locomotives were renumbered into the 90000–90732 series. Only one of these, No. 90732, was named, becoming Vulcan after the Vulcan Foundry where many of the locomotives were built.


In 1946, 12 were exported to the British colony of Hong Kong to work the Kowloon-Canton Railway. Six were scrapped in 1956, but the final two survived until September 1962.


The other 184 locomotives remained in mainland Europe, mostly working in and around the Netherlands for Nederlandse Spoorwegen.


Finally, one went to the USATC in an exchange for an USATC S160 Class locomotive in the Postwar exchange of WD and USATC locomotives.



























No. of engines
Country
Company
Class
Local numbers
733

Great Britain

British Railways (BR)

BR ex-WD Austerity 2-8-0
90000–90732
184*

Netherlands

Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS)

NS 4300 class
4301–4537 (with gaps)
12

Hong Kong

Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR)

KCR ex-WD Austerity 2-8-0
21-32
1

United States

US Army Transportation Corps



* Of the NS engines, 2 subsequently were sold to Swedish State Railways forming SJ Class G11.


Postwar WD service[edit]


Two locomotives continued to be held in WD stock, seeing service on the Longmoor Military Railway in Hampshire, along with two of the WD Austerity 2-10-0s and other smaller locomotives. In the WD 1957 renumbering scheme, they were renumbered 400/1. Details were as follows:























WD No.
WD 1957 No.
Name
Builder
Works No.
Date built
Notes
77337400Sir Guy Williams
North British (Queens Park)
252051943Name previously on 78672
79250401Major General McMullenVulcan Foundry51931945


Accidents and incidents[edit]



  • Soham rail disaster: On 2 June 1944, WD locomotive No. 7337 was hauling a freight train which caught fire as it approached Soham, Cambridgeshire. The train comprised 51 wagons carrying bombs. The train was divided behind the burning wagon, with the front portion being taken forward with the intention of isolating the wagon in open countryside. Its cargo detonated at Soham station, killing the fireman and the Soham signalman and injuring the trains' driver and guard. Soham station was severely damaged, but the line was re-opened within eighteen hours. For their actions, Benjamin Gimbert and James Nightall were awarded George Crosses.[3]

  • On 16 August 1945, WD locomotives 77125 and 77238 were involved in a head-on collision near Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany. Both locomotives were scrapped.[4]

  • On 6 November 1945, NS 4485 (ex WD 77183) was written off after a collision near Kranenburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany. The locomotive was eventually scrapped in January 1947.[4]

  • On 17 September 1950, WD locomotive No. 77195 ran away from Nevill Hill Locomotive Shed, Leeds, Yorkshire and subsequently crashed through buffers at Marsh Lane Goods Yard, Leeds.[5]

  • On 2 December 1953, locomotive No. 90048 ran off the end of the loop at Billingham, County Durham whilst hauling a train. An express freight train ran into the wreckage and was derailed.[6]


Preservation[edit]



One WD 2-8-0 has survived. Vulcan Foundry works No. 5200 was repatriated from Sweden to the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway. It was SJ number 1931. It was overhauled to its original condition, finished in 2007, which involved building a new cab and tender, become BR "No. 90733". After test runs, 90733 ran its first passenger train on Monday 23 July 2007.



Gallery[edit]


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See also[edit]



  • BR ex-WD Austerity 2-8-0 - locomotives of the class taken into British Rail service


References[edit]



  1. ^ Boddy et al. 1983, pp. 118–119.


  2. ^ Pollock, D.R.; White, D.E. (1946). The 2-8-0 and 2-10-0 Locomotives of the War Department 1939-1945. Anerley: RCTS. pp. 11–34..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ Boddy et al. 1983, p. 133.


  4. ^ ab Boddy et al. 1983, p. 130.


  5. ^ Trevena, Arthur (1981). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 2. Redruth: Atlantic Books. p. 34. ISBN 0-906899 03 6.


  6. ^ Hoole, Ken (1983). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 4. Truro: Atlantic Books. p. 8. ISBN 0-906899-07-9.



  • Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Neve, E.; Yeadon, W. B. (November 1983). Fry, E. V., ed. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 6B: Tender Engines—Classes O1 to P2. Kenilworth: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-54-1.

  • Rowledge, J.W.P. Heavy Goods Engines of the War Department Vol. 3 Austerity 2-8-0 and 2-10-0


  • Tourret, R. (1995). Allied Military Locomotives of the Second World War. Abingdon, Oxon: Tourret Publishing. ISBN 0-905878-06-X.


External links[edit]




  • LNER O7 locomotives


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WD_Austerity_2-8-0&oldid=862217820"





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