2011年6月, 全球藥物政策委員會(英语:Global Commission on Drug Policy)發表了關於毒品戰爭的批評性報告,報告中宣稱:“全球毒品戰爭已經失敗,對世界各地的個人和社會造成破壞性後果。麻醉品单一公约開始五十年後,尼克松總統發表美國政府毒品戰爭後的幾年,迫切需要國家和全球藥物管制政策的基本改革。"[21] 該報告被反對藥物普遍合法化的組織所批評。[18]
目录
1歷史
2另見
3參考資料
4延伸閱讀
4.1政府及非政府組織報告
5外部連結
5.1影音
歷史
主条目:History of United States drug prohibition
参见:Legal history of cannabis in the United States
另見
阶级斗争
墨西哥毒品戰爭
娛樂性藥物
隱蔽活動和外交政策
金新月
金三角
伊朗门事件
第一次鸦片战争
政府機構和法律
聯合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室
反對禁止組織
Drug Policy Alliance
Marijuana Policy Project
Law Enforcement Against Prohibition
NORML
November Coalition
Students for Sensible Drug Policy
Transform Drug Policy Foundation (United Kingdom)
Beckley Foundation (United Kingdom)
反對藥物合法化的組織
Drug Free America Foundation
Partnership for a Drug-Free America
World Federation Against Drugs
參考資料
^Colombia Program At-A-Glance (PDF). usaid.gov. United States Agency for International Development. [October 20, 2015].
^Bennett, Brian. U.S. can't justify its drug war spending, reports say. Los Angeles Times. June 9, 2011.
^Drug War Clock. DrugSense (December 31, 1995).
^Vulliamy, Ed. How a big US bank laundered billions from Mexico's murderous drug gangs. The Guardian (London). April 3, 2011.
^Congress: US Wasting Billions in War on Drugs – Pair of reports blast counter-narcotics spending in Latin America. Newser.com.
^"(And) Richard Nixon was the one who coined the phrase, 'war on drugs.'"
^Cockburn and St. Clair, 1998: Chapter 14
^Bullington, Bruce; Alan A. Block. A Trojan horse: Anti-communism and the war on drugs. Crime, Law and Social Change (Springer Netherlands). March 1990, 14 (1): 39–55. ISSN 1573-0751. doi:10.1007/BF00728225.
^Richard Nixon: Special Message to the Congress on Drug Abuse Prevention and Control..
^Nixon Calls War on Drugs. The Palm Beach Post. June 18, 1971 [October 13, 2012].
^Dufton, Emily. The War on Drugs: How President Nixon Tied Addiction to Crime. The Atlantic. March 26, 2012 [October 13, 2012].
^Payan, Tony (2013). A War that Can’t Be Won. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press.
^Drug War Statistics. Drug Policy Alliance. [February 25, 2014].
^On May 13, 2009, Gil Kerlikowske—the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)—signaled that the Obama administration did not plan to significantly alter drug enforcement policy, but also that the administration would not use the term "War on Drugs", because Kerlikowske considers the term to be "counter-productive".
^Fields, Gary. White House Czar Calls for End to 'War on Drugs'. The Wall Street Journal. May 14, 2009 [May 14, 2009].
^ONDCP's view is that "drug addiction is a disease that can be successfully prevented and treated... making drugs more available will make it harder to keep our communities healthy and safe".
^ 18.018.1Global Commission on Drug Policy Offers Reckless, Vague Drug Legalization Proposal, Institute for Behavior and Health, Inc, July 12, 2011. (PDF).
^One of the alternatives that Kerlikowske has showcased is the drug policy of Sweden, which seeks to balance public health concerns with opposition to drug legalization. The prevalence rates for 可卡因 use in Sweden are barely one-fifth of those in Spain, the biggest consumer of the drug.
^Sweden's tough drug laws leave addicts behind. The Local. April 10, 2014 [September 10, 2014].
^War on Drugs. The Global Commission on Drug Policy. 2011: 24.
延伸閱讀
Johann Hari. Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs. London, New York: Bloomsbury. 2015. ISBN 978-1-620-408902.
Michael Blanchard; Gabriel J. Chin. Identifying the Enemy in the War on Drugs: A Critique of the Developing Rule Permitting Visual Identification of Indescript White Powders in Narcotics Prosecutions. American University Law Review. 1998, (47): 557. SSRN 1128945.
Daniel Burton-Rose, The Celling of America: An Inside Look at the U.S. Prison Industry. Common Courage Press, 1998.
Stephanie R. Bush-Baskette, "The War on Drugs as a War on Black Women," in Meda Chesney-Lind and Lisa Pasko (eds.), Girls, Women, and Crime: Selected Readings. SAGE, 2004.
Gabriel Chin. Race, the War on Drugs and the Collateral Consequences of Criminal Conviction. Gender, Race & Justice. 2002, (6): 253. SSRN 390109.
Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair, Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press. New York: Verso, 1998.
Mitchell Earlywine, Understanding Marijuana: A New Look at the Scientific Evidence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Kathleen J. Frydl, The Drug Wars in America, 1940-1973. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Kenneth B. Nunn. Race, Crime and the Pool of Surplus Criminality: Or Why the War on Drugs Was a War on Blacks. Gender, Race & Justice. 2002, (6): 381.
Tony Payan, "A War that Can’t Be Won." Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press, 2013.
Preston Peet, Under the Influence: The Disinformation Guide to Drugs. The Disinformation Company, 2004.
Thomas C. Rowe, Federal Narcotics Laws and the War on Drugs: Money Down a Rat Hole. Binghamton, NY: Haworn Press, 2006.
Eric Schneider, "The Drug War Revisited," Berfrois, November 2, 2011.
Peter Dale Scott and Jonathan Marshall, Cocaine Politics: Drugs, Armies, and the CIA in Central America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1911.
Dominic Streatfeild, Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography. Macmillan, 2003.
Douglas Valentine, The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America's War on Drugs. New York: Verso, 2004.
政府及非政府組織報告
National Drug Threat Assessment 2009 from the United States Department of Justice
War On Drugs: Legislation in the 108th Congress and Related Developments, a 2003 report from the Congressional Research Service via the State Department website
The Report of the Canadian Government Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs—1972
外部連結
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:毒品戰爭
Narco News—news site focusing on drug war in Latin America
Drug War Facts
Drug War Distortions
Major Studies of Drugs and Drug Policy Full text of major government commission reports on the drug laws from around the world over the last 100 years
Historical Research on the Drug War Full text of numerous full histories of the drug war and thousands of original historical documents
The Dalles, Oregon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the city in Oregon. For the nearby geological formation, see Celilo Falls. For other uses, see Dalles. Not to be confused with the town of Dallas, Oregon. City in Wasco County The Dalles City The Dalles and the Columbia River in November 2008 Flag Seal Motto(s): "Cognito timor Vincit" (Latin), "Knowledge Conquers Fear" (English) Location in Oregon Coordinates: 45°36′4″N 121°10′58″W / 45.60111°N 121.18278°W / 45.60111; -121.18278 Coordinates: 45°36′4″N 121°10′58″W / 45.60111°N 121.18278°W / 45.60111; -121.18278 County Wasco County Incorporated 1857 Government • Mayor Stephen Elliott Lawrence (D) [1] [2] Area [3] • Total 6.61 sq mi (17.12...